Review
Education, Scientific Disciplines
Emmanuel Costa-Drolon, Laurence Verneuil, Emilie Manolios, Anne Revah-Levy, Jordan Sibeoni
Summary: Studies show that physician empathy tends to decline during medical training, leading to confusion and doubts among medical students regarding the concept of empathy and its utility. The focus should shift towards simpler concepts like listening, and schools should leverage the influence of clinical supervisors to promote empathy among students.
Review
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Verena Schneider, Anette Rohmann
Summary: Arts education in schools often faces pressure to demonstrate quantifiable impact on academic outcomes. Current research primarily focuses on academically relevant competencies, with limited evidence on the effects of arts education across different domains and outcomes due to small sample sizes and a scarcity of sufficiently powered (quasi-)experimental studies. The gold standard of experimental research in evaluating arts education comes at the cost of other study characteristics.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Education, Scientific Disciplines
Jorunn A. Handeland, Andreas Prinz, Else Mari R. Ekra, Mariann Fossum
Summary: The study found that nursing students perceive manikins as either dolls or patients, enabling them to experience what it is like to care for a patient as a nurse and be part of a team. The use of manikins helps students develop relational, communicative, and collaborative nursing skills, and facilitates the development of their professional identity.
NURSE EDUCATION TODAY
(2021)
Review
Education & Educational Research
Samuel J. Tanner, Andrea McCloskey
Summary: The study reveals that improv theater interventions in education often reflect Whiteness more than democratic values, as teachers and researchers tend to view improvisation as a means to an end rather than a standalone practice. However, a turn towards disciplined improvisation or an improvisational ethos offers a way to practice the ideals of democratic education more effectively.
REVIEW OF EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Education, Scientific Disciplines
Usman Raja, Mohammad S. A. Amin, Ahmed Soualhi
Summary: Surgery is a highly competitive specialty with a wide range of subspecialties. Medical students often lack exposure to surgical education and rotations in their curriculum, necessitating proactive engagement in activities related to surgical care. Understanding surgical practice, reflecting on personal suitability for a career in surgery, and participating in extracurricular activities are essential for developing an interest in surgery and gaining a competitive edge as a medical student.
Review
Education & Educational Research
Ana Rita Cerqueira, Ana Sofia Alves, Matilde Monteiro-Soares, Dabney Hailey, Domingos Loureiro, Sofia Baptista
Summary: This systematic review examines the effectiveness of Visual Thinking Strategies (VTS) in medical education. The findings suggest that VTS can enhance clinical skills, observational abilities, and empathy in medical students and residents. Despite some limitations in the included studies, the results support the integration of VTS training in medical curricula.
BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION
(2023)
Review
Education & Educational Research
Jia Yin Lim, Simon Yew Kuang Ong, Chester Yan Hao Ng, Karis Li En Chan, Song Yi Elizabeth Anne Wu, Wei Zheng So, Glenn Jin Chong Tey, Yun Xiu Lam, Nicholas Lu Xin Gao, Yun Xue Lim, Ryan Yong Kiat Tay, Ian Tze Yong Leong, Nur Diana Abdul Rahman, Min Chiam, Crystal Lim, Gillian Li Gek Phua, Vengadasalam Murugam, Eng Koon Ong, Lalit Kumar Radha Krishna
Summary: Reflective writing allows physicians to critically examine their thoughts, goals, and actions, and understand how their perspectives, motives, and emotions influence their conduct. It also enhances their learning and professional development. However, there is a lack of consistent approach and growing challenges to its place in medical training. Therefore, a review of theories and practices of reflective writing in medical education is proposed.
BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Annabelle Jia Sing Lim, Daniel Zhihao Hong, Anushka Pisupati, Yun Ting Ong, Jocelyn Yi Huang Yeo, Eleanor Jia Xin Chong, Yi Zhe Koh, Mingjia Wang, Rei Tan, Kai Kee Koh, Jacquelin Jia Qi Ting, Betrand Kai Yang Lam, Min Chiam, Alexia Sze Inn Lee, Annelissa Mien Chew Chin, Warren Fong, Limin Wijaya, Laura Hui Shuen Tan, Lalit Kumar Radha Krishna
Summary: Portfolios in postgraduate medical education provide a means to quantify and evaluate knowledge, skills, and attitudes through the establishment of smaller micro-competencies and micro-credentialing. This article offers a six-step framework for optimizing and instituting portfolios in postgraduate medical education.
POSTGRADUATE MEDICAL JOURNAL
(2023)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Dhanika Samaranayake, Trent Pattenden, Andrew Morton, Isaac Thangasamy
Summary: This systematic review aims to assess the effectiveness of medical school education interventions on urological topics, which is important for improving the quality and outcomes of medical student education.
Article
Education, Scientific Disciplines
Holly N. Hellawell, Harry Kyriacou, Anoop S. Sumal
Summary: Emergency department placements offer medical students numerous clinical and practical learning opportunities, but the busy environment may not always be conducive to optimal learning. Prior knowledge on how to make the most of emergency medicine placements can facilitate student learning and enjoyment.
Review
Education, Scientific Disciplines
William Macaskill, Weng Joe Chua, Hannah Woodall, Janani Pinidiyapathirage
Summary: In medical education, creative approaches to reflective learning (RL) are used to cater to diverse learning preferences. However, the overall benefits of creative RL to students' development are unknown. A qualitative systematic review and synthesis of 15 studies showed that creative RL methods such as viewing, performing, creating, imagining, and mind-body activities contribute to students' holistic development in areas such as building relationships, personal development, and sense of belonging. These activities also provide opportunities for addressing diverse student needs using innovative methods.
PERSPECTIVES ON MEDICAL EDUCATION
(2023)
Review
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
George T. Voicescu, Martina Valente, Francesco Della Corte, Marco Becerril, Luca Ragazzoni, Marta Caviglia
Summary: Disaster Medicine (DM) is currently not given sufficient importance in medical school curricula worldwide, and there is a lack of standardized guidelines for DM courses. This study found that there is a gap in knowledge regarding the methodology used for developing DM courses for medical students. Most courses adopt a face-to-face teaching approach, but utilize different training modalities such as virtual reality simulations and drills.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DISASTER RISK REDUCTION
(2022)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Rachel Greatrix, Sandra Nicholson, Susan Anderson
Summary: This systematic review explores the relationship between UKCAT scores and performance in medical and dental training assessments. The results suggest that UKCAT scores can predict performance in medical school, especially the total score and the verbal reasoning subtest. Future studies should consider more optimal approaches for evaluation.
Review
Education & Educational Research
Kristian Welch, Benjamin Robinson, Michaela Lieberman Martin, Amy Salerno, Drew Harris
Summary: The authors conducted a systematic review to investigate the impact of medical legal partnerships on trainees' knowledge, attitudes, and future practice. The results showed that trainees participating in medical legal partnership programs demonstrated significant improvements in their abilities to identify and intervene on the social determinants of health in their patients.
BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION
(2021)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
James Ashcroft, Matthew H. Byrne, Peter A. Brennan, Richard Justin Davies
Summary: Training programmes focused on pandemic and disaster medicine for medical students have been shown to improve disaster preparedness, knowledge, and skills, as well as enhance attitudes. Studies suggest that properly trained medical students can play an essential role in pandemic management.
POSTGRADUATE MEDICAL JOURNAL
(2021)
Review
Chemistry, Physical
Weijian Chen, Zhixing Gan, Martin A. Green, Baohua Jia, Xiaoming Wen
Summary: This review discusses the mobile ion dynamics in halide perovskites investigated via luminescence spectroscopy combined with confocal microscopy, including mobile ion induced fluorescence quenching, phase segregation in mixed halide hybrid perovskite, and mobile ion accumulation at the interface in perovskite devices. Steady-state and time-resolved luminescence imaging techniques, combined with confocal microscopy, are unique tools for probing ionic dynamics in perovskites, providing invaluable insights on ionic dynamics in nanoscale resolution.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Martin Green, Ewan Dunlop, Jochen Hohl-Ebinger, Masahiro Yoshita, Nikos Kopidakis, Xiaojing Hao
Summary: This article presents consolidated tables showing the highest independently confirmed efficiencies for solar cells and modules, including guidelines for inclusion of results and reviewing new entries since June 2020. It also includes charts showing efficiency improvements since 1993 and an updated list of recognized test centers.
PROGRESS IN PHOTOVOLTAICS
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Jihoo Lim, Moonyong Kim, Helen Hejin Park, Hyunmin Jung, Sean Lim, Xiaojing Hao, Eunyoung Choi, Sangwook Park, Minwoo Lee, Ziheng Liu, Martin A. Green, Jangwon Seo, Jongsung Park, Jae Sung Yun
Summary: This study quantifies the degradation processes of encapsulated semi-transparent PSCs over time, revealing the main causes and mechanisms of degradation, while confirming the primary reason for irreversible device degradation. Additionally, the research demonstrates that each parameter is likely to be primarily reduced by a single dominant reaction.
SOLAR ENERGY MATERIALS AND SOLAR CELLS
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Zibo Zhou, Yajie Jiang, Ned Ekins-Daukes, Mark Keevers, Martin A. Green
Summary: This study describes three textured glass surfaces and evaluates their optical and thermal performance, finding that these surfaces can relatively improve optical transmission and mid-infrared emissivity. The currently most favored inverted pyramid texture may not be the most effective based on optical and radiative enhancement or self-cleaning properties.
IEEE JOURNAL OF PHOTOVOLTAICS
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Jianjun Li, Jialiang Huang, Kanghua Li, Yiyu Zeng, Yuanfang Zhang, Kaiwen Sun, Chang Yan, Chaowei Xue, Chao Chen, Tao Chen, Martin A. Green, Jiang Tang, Xiaojing Hao
Summary: This study introduces a defect-resolved mobility measurement method to evaluate the effective majority carrier mobility in antimony chalcogenide solar cells. It was found that despite the preferred crystal orientation, Sb2S3 and Sb2Se3 have extremely low carrier mobility and density, resulting in high bulk resistance and poor carrier collection efficiency. Further analysis reveals that crystalline defects like dislocations may significantly restrict carrier transport in these low-dimensional materials.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Mingrui He, Xian Zhang, Jialiang Huang, Jianjun Li, Chang Yan, Jihun Kim, Yi-Sheng Chen, Limei Yang, Julie M. Cairney, Yu Zhang, Shiyou Chen, Jinhyeok Kim, Martin A. Green, Xiaojing Hao
Summary: The incorporation of lithium in kesterite Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)(4) (CZTSSe) materials has been experimentally proven to improve electronic quality in photovoltaic devices. A solution-based lithium post-deposition treatment was reported to further enhance efficiency by uniformly incorporating lithium into grain interiors, leading to a significant efficiency boost from 9.3% to 10.7%.
ADVANCED ENERGY MATERIALS
(2021)
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Mingrui He, Chang Yan, Jianjun Li, Mahesh P. Suryawanshi, Jinhyeok Kim, Martin A. Green, Xiaojing Hao
Summary: This report presents insights into the latest cutting-edge strategies for enhancing the performance of kesterite solar cells, including postdeposition thermal treatment, alkali doping, and bandgap grading through engineering graded alloying of cations and anions. These strategies, which have been successful in improving the power conversion efficiency of chalcopyrite solar cells, are also the most promising ones for achieving further efficiency breakthroughs for kesterite solar cells.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Yongyoon Cho, Hyung Do Kim, Jianghui Zheng, Jueming Bing, Yong Li, Meng Zhang, Martin A. Green, Atsushi Wakamiya, Shujuan Huang, Hideo Ohkita, Anita W. Y. Ho-Baillie
Summary: Research shows that ambient storage can improve the efficiency of perovskite solar cells, mainly due to defect passivation, changes in charge recombination mechanism, and enhanced charge extraction efficiency.
ACS ENERGY LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yajie Jiang, Michael P. Nielsen, Alex J. Baldacchino, Martin A. Green, Dane R. McCamey, Murad J. Y. Tayebjee, Timothy W. Schmidt, Nicholas. J. Ekins-Daukes
Summary: The economic value of a photovoltaic installation is determined by its lifespan and power conversion efficiency. Silicon tandem and MEG-enhanced silicon cell architectures result in lower cell operating temperatures, increasing device lifetime compared to standard c-Si cells, and offer additional advantages.
PROGRESS IN PHOTOVOLTAICS
(2021)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Yongyoon Cho, Jueming Bing, Hyung Do Kim, Yong Li, Jianghui Zheng, Shi Tang, Martin A. Green, Atsushi Wakamiya, Shujuan Huang, Hideo Ohkita, Anita W. Y. Ho-Baillie
Summary: This work explores strategies to improve power conversion efficiency (PCE) in perovskite solar cells by utilizing storage effects, interface passivation, and composition engineering, highlighting the importance of reducing trap density and intrinsic defects in the perovskite bulk. By understanding dominant charge recombination mechanisms, immediate and temporal PCE enhancements were achieved, leading to highly efficient PSCs.
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
(2021)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Lauren Jodi Van Scoy, Pamela D. Witt, Cindy Bramble, Christopher Richardson, Irene Putzig, Lindsey Currin, Emily Wasserman, Amy Tucci, Benjamin H. Levi, Michael J. Green
Summary: The use of a community-based delivery model successfully engaged underserved communities in research about advance care planning, overcoming skepticism and distrust among these populations.
JOURNAL OF PAIN AND SYMPTOM MANAGEMENT
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Martin A. Green, Ewan D. Dunlop, Jochen Hohl-Ebinger, Masahiro Yoshita, Nikos Kopidakis, Xiaojing Hao
Summary: This article presents consolidated tables showing the highest independently confirmed efficiencies for solar cells and modules, with guidelines outlined for inclusion of results into these tables and a review of new entries since June 2021.
PROGRESS IN PHOTOVOLTAICS
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Martin A. Green
Summary: The author discusses the need for refinement in silicon's refractive index and absorption coefficient beyond 1200 nm, based on recent luminescent measurements. An updated dataset for lightly doped silicon is presented, providing optical parameters over a broader temperature range with temperature coefficients included to improve accuracy.
PROGRESS IN PHOTOVOLTAICS
(2022)
Review
Physics, Applied
Anita W. Y. Ho-Baillie, Jianghui Zheng, Md Arafat Mahmud, Fa-Jun Ma, David R. McKenzie, Martin A. Green
Summary: Organic-inorganic metal halide perovskite solar cells have shown rapid advancements in energy conversion efficiency improvement, making them a promising technology for next-generation, low-cost, high-efficiency photovoltaics, especially in multi-junction tandem cells. Double-junction tandem cells have efficiency limits up to 45%, surpassing those of single-junction solar cells. This review highlights recent progress in perovskite tandem solar cells and discusses strategies for further improving their efficiencies.
APPLIED PHYSICS REVIEWS
(2021)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Benjamin H. Levi, Anne E. F. Dimmock, Lauren J. Van Scoy, Theresa Smith, Bronson Kunzler, Andrew J. Foy, Laurie Badzek, Michael J. Green
Summary: When patients are unable to make decisions for themselves, others have to make decisions on their behalf. However, what counts as a surrogate decision is not always clear. In this paper, we discuss the concerns surrounding surrogate decision-making, propose a novel approach for assessing its occurrence, and present our findings from this assessment.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HOSPICE & PALLIATIVE MEDICINE
(2023)