Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Adib Ahmadzadegan, Sayantan Bhattacharya, Arezoo M. Ardekani, Pavlos P. Vlachos
Summary: This paper presents a new approach for estimating the uncertainty in ensemble particle image velocimetry (PIV) measurements. The proposed method, called the moment of probability of displacement (MPD), calculates the uncertainty directly from the probability density function of displacements by finding the second moment. The performance of MPD is evaluated using synthetic and experimental images, and it is shown to have good sensitivity to various PIV error sources and accurately estimate the root mean square (RMS) of the velocity measurement error.
MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Seth A. Schweitzer, Edwin A. Cowen
Summary: This paper introduces a new method called Infrared Quantitative Image Velocimetry (IR-QIV) for high-resolution real-time calculation of velocity fields over large water bodies under most weather conditions, with results showing agreement with acoustic velocity measurements, improving both fixed and mobile platform velocimetry.
WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Douglas W. Carter, Bharathram Ganapathisubramani
Summary: This study presents an aeroacoustic investigation of planar time-resolved Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) measurements on a NACA 0012 airfoil in static stall at a chord-based Reynolds number of 7.1 x 10(4). Instantaneous planar pressure reconstructions are obtained using a Poisson solver, and the dipole noise emanating from the airfoil surface is estimated using Curle's acoustic analogy. By applying a data-driven framework based on Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) and Spectral Linear Stochastic Estimation (sLSE), the flow structures responsible for noise generation are identified, primarily concentrated near the trailing edge. Furthermore, a conditional analysis of extreme noise events reveals correlations between downwash and upwash events near the trailing edge, and local maxima and minima in acoustic fluctuations associated with slow and fast-moving fluid in the incipient shear layer.
EXPERIMENTS IN FLUIDS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Lalit K. Rajendran, Sayantan Bhattacharya, Sally P. M. Bane, Pavlos P. Vlachos
Summary: Quantifying uncertainty in particle image velocimetry is crucial for comparing experimental and computational results, yet current methods lack reliability across various experiments. A new approach, Meta-Uncertainty, is proposed to evaluate sensitivity and reliability of uncertainty methods, leading to improved performance in assessing PIV uncertainty.
MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Xiaoyuan Liu, Zhou Zhao, Shengming Xu, Jingcheng Zhang, Yin Zhou, Yulun He, Takeshi Yamaguchi, Hua Ouyang, Takuo Tanaka, Mu Ku Chen, Shengxian Shi, Fei Qi, Din Ping Tsai
Summary: Fluid flow behavior is studied using particle image velocimetry (PIV), which traditionally requires multiple cameras and lens systems. This study proposes a new method using binocular meta-lenses, which are lightweight and compact, to create a more efficient and easy-to-deploy PIV system. The results show that the binocular meta-lens PIV technique can accurately obtain the 3D velocity field information of fluid flow, making it a promising development in the field of flow diagnostics.
ADVANCED MATERIALS
(2023)
Review
Chemistry, Physical
Onur Yasar, Emre Ozbek, Selcuk Ekici, Enver Yalcin, Adnan Midilli, T. Hikmet Karakoc
Summary: Fuel cells are a promising system utilized in various sectors, and particle image velocimetry is a practical technique for exploring the flow field inside fuel cells. Research on fuel cells focusing on particle image velocimetry technique has been reviewed, with discussions on system design, performance improvement, and cost benefit efforts affected by flow and design parameters.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Carl J. Legleiter, Paul J. Kinzel, Mark Laker, Jeffrey S. Conaway
Summary: Information on velocity fields in rivers is crucial for various applications. This study presents a framework for measuring river velocity using aerial images, which has been successfully tested in two Alaskan rivers.
WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Chengjian Hua, Yanping Bao, Min Wang, Wei Xiao
Summary: This paper studies the numerical simulation model of nozzle clogging and the effects of relevant parameters on nozzle clogging simulation. The study examines the impact of nozzle clogging on flow, inclusion transport, and the formation process of nozzle clogging. The simulation of flow in the mold and nozzle is verified through particle image velocimetry measurement, and the simulation results of clogged nozzle are validated by industrial experiments. Findings show that the growth rate of nozzle clog increases with higher inclusion magnification factor. However, the simulation results reveal a hole in the nozzle clog, and there is a deviation between the simulated and experimental nozzle clog thickness. Increasing the random walk model parameter enhances the randomness of inclusion transport and improves the homogeneity of nozzle clog thickness simulation. Nozzle clogs initially form in the upper section of the nozzle and extend to the nozzle port. The shape of the nozzle is altered by the clogs, causing dispersion of the jet stream and reduction in its impact depth with increased solution time. The solid shell captures more inclusions, but its cleanliness decreases with longer solution time.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY-JMR&T
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Jan Cerny, Martin Polak
Summary: This paper validates a numerical model of radial centrifugal pump flow using the PIV experimental method. A 3D model of the pump was created in Inventor and a numerical flow model was designed in Ansys CFX. The performance characteristics of the pump were measured on an experimental test circuit, and compared with the vector maps obtained through PIV to evaluate the consistency of the numerical model. The results showed that the model is most accurate when the input variables are the pressure in front of the pump and the mass flow behind the pump, with a deviation of 1% to 10% and creation of corresponding streamlines in the suction pipe.
Article
Optics
Colter Russell, Naibo Jiang, Paul Danehy, Zhili Zhang, Sukesh Roy
Summary: Nonintrusive three-component velocity measurements of free jet flows were conducted using stereoscopic picosecond laser electronic excitation tagging (S-PLEET) at 100 kHz. Key turbulent properties were obtained with high-frequency turbulence properties useful for turbulence modeling and validations.
Article
Engineering, Aerospace
Eugene N. A. Hoffman, Elijah J. LaLonde, Angelina Andrade, Ivana Chen, Hayden A. Bilbo, Christopher S. Combs
Summary: The hypersonic impulse facility is characterized using various methods to verify its properties. Experimental results are compared with numerical simulations to assess the design and operational conditions. The measurements and simulations show good agreement in key parameters, including velocity profiles and boundary layer thickness.
Article
Mechanics
Ling-xin Zhang, Xin-sheng Cheng, Ze-cai Zhou, Qi Gao, Xue-ming Shao
Summary: In this study, we conducted a series of experiments to investigate the velocity fluctuations caused by the flow past fixed spheres. The results show that the fluctuations can be classified into temporal fluctuations and spatial fluctuations, representing the contributions of flow instability and spatial inhomogeneity, respectively. At low Reynolds numbers, the total fluctuation is mainly caused by the spatial fluctuation, while at higher Reynolds numbers, both flow instability and spatial inhomogeneity contribute to the total velocity fluctuation. Moreover, the energy distribution and wavenumber spectra of the fluctuations also change significantly with the increase of Reynolds number.
JOURNAL OF HYDRODYNAMICS
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Jiacheng Zhang, Sayantan Bhattacharya, Pavlos P. Vlachos
Summary: This work presents a method to estimate the uncertainty of pressure fields reconstructed from PIV/PTV measurements. The method propagates the uncertainty of the velocity vectors through the pressure reconstruction. The method has been validated through tests on synthetic velocity fields and experimental flow fields, showing high accuracy in capturing the effects of velocity noise, autocorrelation, and pressure gradient integration methods on pressure errors.
MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Jiaxin Wang, Wenxing Ma, Chunbao Liu, Hongchao Fu, Liyong Ma, Jianlin Chen
Summary: Based on numerical simulation and experimental research, this study established the corresponding relationship between the two-phase flow distribution inside a hydrodynamic retarder and the filling rate. The study provides an effective method for the analysis and identification of the two-phase flow pattern of a hydrodynamic retarder.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Ming Li, Jianchun Guo, Tao Zhang, Xianjin Zeng, Ruoyu Yang, Haoran Gou
Summary: This study establishes a quantitative experimental device to simulate the injection of fluid into a fracture. By using particle image velocimetry (PIV) technology, the device acquires the flow field information in the fracture for the first time. The study finds that the fluid forms vortices in the perforation tunnel, but as it flows towards the end of the fracture, the vortices disappear and the flow field becomes stable. The flow field is divided into different characteristic areas based on the distribution of vorticity. This study provides theoretical guidance for the design and optimization of fracturing schemes and has significance for microscopic studies of flow in fractures.
JOURNAL OF PETROLEUM SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
Sean M. Rothenberger, Jiacheng Zhang, Melissa C. Brindise, Susanne Schnell, Michael Markl, Pavlos P. Vlachos, Vitaliy L. Rayz
Summary: We present a model to estimate the bias error of 4D flow MRI velocity measurements, accounting for intra-voxel velocity distribution and partial volume effects. The model accurately estimates the bias error in voxels not affected by partial volume effects, and can help plan 4D flow MRI scans.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MEDICAL IMAGING
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Jiacheng Zhang, Sayantan Bhattacharya, Pavlos P. Vlachos
Summary: This work presents a method to estimate the uncertainty of pressure fields reconstructed from PIV/PTV measurements. The method propagates the uncertainty of the velocity vectors through the pressure reconstruction. The method has been validated through tests on synthetic velocity fields and experimental flow fields, showing high accuracy in capturing the effects of velocity noise, autocorrelation, and pressure gradient integration methods on pressure errors.
MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Melissa C. Brindise, Brett A. Meyers, Shelby Kutty, Pavlos P. Vlachos
Summary: This article presents a user-initialized, automated left ventricle segmentation method for echocardiograms, named ProID. The method achieved accurate segmentation results with low computational cost across different systems. Clinical analysis on a cohort of 66 pediatric patients demonstrated the accuracy and stability of ProID.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Mechanics
Adib Ahmadzadegan, Jiacheng Zhang, Arezoo M. Ardekani, Pavlos P. Vlachos
Summary: This paper introduces a method to measure the concentration-dependent diffusion coefficient using a sequence of concentration images. The method utilizes spatial and temporal information and numerically solves Fick's second law to measure the diffusion coefficient. The method makes no assumptions and outperforms existing methods in estimating spatiotemporal changes and concentration-dependent diffusion.
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Jiacheng Zhang, Sean M. Rothenberger, Melissa C. Brindise, Michael Markl, Vitaliy L. Rayz, Pavlos P. Vlachos
Summary: This study introduces a novel method for estimating wall shear stress (WSS) using 4D flow MRI, which improves the accuracy of WSS estimation by correcting velocity gradient estimation. The method was tested on synthetic and in vivo data, and compared to the state-of-the-art method. The proposed method showed significant improvement in WSS accuracy and its potential for predicting cardiovascular diseases.
ANNALS OF BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Javad Eshraghi, Jean-Christophe Veilleux, Galen Shi, David Collins, Arezoo M. Ardekani, Pavlos P. Vlachos
Summary: Cavitation is an undesirable phenomenon that may occur in certain types of autoinjectors, potentially causing damage to the device container and protein drug molecules. By analyzing the potential effects of cavitation on autoinjectors, it was found that design parameters have an impact on the severity of cavitation, providing valuable data insights.
PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Melissa C. Brindise, Kevin Buno, Luis Solorio, Pavlos P. Vlachos
Summary: We propose a novel automated method for identifying tissue layers in histology images. The method incorporates coarse boundary identification and refinement steps to accurately segment different layers. Experimental results show that our method is robust across different histology stains.
ANNALS OF BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Brian H. Jun, Adib Ahmadzadegan, Arezoo M. Ardekani, Luis Solorio, Pavlos P. Vlachos
Summary: This study presents a feature-based cell tracking algorithm that can automatically detect and track cells in time-lapse images. By using advanced image processing techniques and adaptive thresholding, the algorithm can handle cell feature changes and achieves high detection and tracking accuracy.
ANNALS OF BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Mario de Lucio, Yu Leng, Atharva Hans, Ilias Bilionis, Melissa Brindise, Arezoo M. Ardekani, Pavlos P. Vlachos, Hector Gomez
Summary: Subcutaneous injection of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) is a rapidly growing field in the pharmaceutical industry. This study presents a large-deformation poroelastic model to understand high-dose, high-speed subcutaneous injection. The anisotropy of subcutaneous tissue and the multi-layer structure of the skin tissue are considered. The impact of handheld autoinjectors on injection dynamics for different patient forces is analyzed. The simulations highlight the importance of the large deformation approach in modeling large injection volumes and provide insights into the mechanics and transport processes in subcutaneous injections of mAbs.
JOURNAL OF THE MECHANICAL BEHAVIOR OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Patrick A. Giolando, Kelsey Hopkins, Barrett F. Davis, Nicole Vike, Adib Ahmadzadegan, Arezoo M. Ardekani, Pavlos P. Vlachos, Joseph V. Rispoli, Luis Solorio, Tamara L. Kinzer-Ursem
Summary: Implantable, bioresorbable drug delivery systems provide a patient-tailored drug dosage with increased patient compliance. Mechanistic mathematical modeling accelerates the design of release systems by predicting physical anomalies and short- and long-term drug release profiles. This study investigates the impact of various parameters on drug release and offers new insight into the design process for tailored release systems.
ADVANCED MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Xiaoxu Zhong, Jean-Christophe Veilleux, Galen Huaiqiu Shi, David S. Collins, Pavlos Vlachos, Arezoo M. Ardekani
Summary: In recent years, significant progress has been made in the studies of spring-driven autoinjectors, leading to an improved understanding of its interactions with tissue and therapeutic proteins. Simulation tools have enhanced the prediction of performance, while this paper addresses critical hydrodynamic considerations and presents a framework for optimizing design. This work is valuable to the pharmaceutic industry as it provides insights into device development and improving patient outcomes.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICS
(2023)
Article
Mechanics
Adib Ahmadzadegan, Harsa Mitra, Pavlos P. Vlachos, Arezoo M. Ardekani
Summary: We propose a novel method called particle image rheometry (PIR) to measure the rheological properties of fluids using the Brownian motion of suspended particles. PIR estimates the particle ensemble mean square displacement (MSD) from the temporal evolution of the displacement probability density function (PDF). Our evaluations show that PIR achieves a lower error than existing methods, with less than 1% error in passive microrheology measurements.
JOURNAL OF RHEOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biology
Mary K. Salcedo, Brian H. Jun, John J. Socha, Naomi E. Pierce, Pavlos P. Vlachos, Stacey A. Combes
Summary: Research shows that the circulation system, respiration system, and nervous system of insects extend into their wings, playing a critical role in supplying nutrients and maintaining wing function. High-speed fluorescent microscopy and particle tracking reveals dynamic flow patterns in every vein of grasshopper wings, with three different flow behaviors: pulsatile, aperiodic, and leaky. Study of the wing circulatory system provides valuable insights into the hemodynamics necessary for sustaining wing health and insect flight.
COMMUNICATIONS BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
Sean M. Rothenberger, Neal M. Patel, Jiacheng Zhang, Susanne Schnell, Bruce A. Craig, Sameer A. Ansari, Michael Markl, Pavlos P. Vlachos, Vitaliy L. Rayz
Summary: We propose an automatic segmentation method for 4D flow MRI based on SDM velocity. The SDM velocity quantifies the net flow effects in each voxel, and vessel segmentation is performed using an F-test. We compare the SDM algorithm with PCD and CNN segmentation methods, and the results demonstrate its robustness and accuracy in identifying vessel surfaces.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MEDICAL IMAGING
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jiacheng Zhang, Melissa C. Brindise, Sean M. Rothenberger, Michael Markl, Vitaliy L. Rayz, Pavlos P. Vlachos
Summary: This study evaluates and applies a multi-modality approach to improve blood flow measurements and hemodynamic analysis in cerebral aneurysms using 4D flow MRI. The method reconstructs the flow field and calculates the pressure using sparse representation, leading to enhanced accuracy of the measurements.
JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY INTERFACE
(2022)