Recent advances in quantum dot catalysts for hydrogen evolution: Synthesis, characterization, and photocatalytic application

Photocatalytic water splitting is beneficial for the effective mitigation of global energy and environmental crises. Owing to multi-exciton generation, impressive light harvesting, and excellent photochemical properties, the quantum dot (QD)-based catalysts reveal a considerable potential in photocatalytic hydrogen (H-2) production compared with bulk competitors. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in QDs for photocatalytic H-2 production by enumerating different synthetic and characterization strategies for QDs. Various QDs-based photocatalysts are introduced and summarized in categories, and the role of different QDs in varied systems, as well as the mechanism and key factors that enhance the photocatalytic H-2 generation performance, is discussed. Finally, conclusions and future perspectives in the exploration of highly efficient QDs-based photocatalysts for innovative applications are highlighted.

Automated summary

Photocatalytic water splitting plays a crucial role in addressing global energy and environmental challenges. Quantum dot (QD)-based catalysts show great potential for photocatalytic hydrogen production due to their multi-exciton generation, impressive light harvesting, and excellent photochemical properties. This review summarizes recent advances in QDs for photocatalytic H2 production, including different synthetic and characterization strategies. The role of various QDs in different systems, as well as the mechanisms and key factors enhancing photocatalytic H2 generation, are discussed. Conclusions and future perspectives on highly efficient QDs-based photocatalysts for innovative applications are highlighted.