Review
Immunology
Haolin Tao, Yingshi Mo, Wenbin Liu, Hui Wang
Summary: Gout is a metabolic disease caused by the deposition of monosodium urate crystals inside joints, leading to inflammation and tissue damage. Elevated serum urate concentration is crucial in the development of gout. The activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and release of IL-1 beta by monosodium urate crystals result in acute gouty arthritis, while neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) drive the self-resolving process of gout. Understanding the molecular pathological mechanism behind clinical manifestations of gout can contribute to further advancement in treatment.
INTERNATIONAL IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Psychiatry
Vinod H. Srihari, Matcheri S. Keshavan
Summary: This article provides a conceptual history of modern early intervention services and briefly reviews the accomplishments of an international clinical and research community. It also offers proposals for how such services can participate in the next generation of progress, emphasizing the importance of bi-directional knowledge translation across basic, clinical, and policy domains.
SCHIZOPHRENIA BULLETIN
(2022)
Editorial Material
Medicine, General & Internal
Vinay K. Rathi, Joseph S. Ross, Rita F. Redberg, Sanket S. Dhruva
Summary: User fees are essential for FDA operations, but current legislation focuses more on speeding up premarketing review rather than understanding device risks and benefits throughout the product life cycle.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2022)
Review
Biology
Maria Dornelas, Jonathan M. Chase, Nicholas J. Gotelli, Anne E. Magurran, Brian J. McGill, Laura H. Antao, Shane A. Blowes, Gergana N. Daskalova, Brian Leung, Ines S. Martins, Faye Moyes, Isla H. Myers-Smith, Chris D. Thomas, Mark Vellend
Summary: Estimating biodiversity change is a critical challenge in the context of human modification. This review examines how biodiversity has changed across scales and taxonomic groups, focusing on species richness, temporal turnover, spatial beta-diversity, and abundance. The findings show mixed patterns of both increases and declines in local scales, with higher prevalence of declining trends in beta-diversity and abundance. At the global scale, extinction rates are likely surpassing speciation rates, although both are elevated. Reducing blind spots in understanding biodiversity change is essential for effective management.
PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Letter
Medicine, General & Internal
Justin Davis
Summary: This article contradicts the recommendation in The Renal Drug Handbook regarding the use of colchicine in gout patients with chronic kidney disease, highlighting the need for further clarification and research.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
William H. McDowell
Summary: Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is a heterogeneous mixture of organic compounds that is produced through microbial degradation and abiotic leaching, and it plays an important role in aquatic ecology and watershed management. The challenges in studying DOM include monitoring long-term changes, using sensors for short-term dynamics, understanding its role in the carbon cycle and greenhouse gas evasion, and exploring its evolutionary significance in various environments.
Article
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Ashok K. Goel
Summary: The debate between symbolic and connectionist AI addresses fundamental issues in the field, but there is much more to intelligence than these perspectives.
Article
Fisheries
Isabela A. Finamor, Caroline A. Bressan, Karine Ariotti, Cristiano L. de Lima, Denise Schmidt, Berta M. HeiNzmann, Bernardo Baldisserotto, Jaydione L. Marcon, Maria A. Pavanato
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the effects of long-term transport and the addition of essential oil of Lippia alba (EOLA) on the brain redox status and functions of cururu stingray (Potamotrygon wallacei). The results showed that transport induced oxidative stress, disturbed antioxidant defenses, and activated signaling pathways in the brain. Addition of EOLA in the water helped to protect the brain against stress and oxidative damage, regulating physiological responses. These findings highlight the importance of adding EOLA in the long-term transport of cururu stingrays.
Editorial Material
Plant Sciences
John E. Lunn
Summary: Despite the unprecedented challenges brought by the Covid19 pandemic, the Journal of Experimental Botany has successfully weathered the storm and seen a substantial rise in its Clarivate Web of Science impact factor to 6.992, reflecting the high quality of published papers.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY
(2021)
Article
Ethics
Bhaven N. Sampat
Summary: The debate over the roles of the public and private sectors in pharmaceutical innovation has a long history. How the public sector supports drug innovation affects assessments of public research funding returns, taxpayer rights in drugs, the argument for high drug prices to support innovation, and the desirability of patenting publicly funded research.
JOURNAL OF LAW MEDICINE & ETHICS
(2021)
Review
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Victoria Chernyak, Kathryn J. Fowler, Richard K. G. Do, Aya Kamaya, Yuko Kono, An Tang, Donald G. Mitchell, Jeffrey Weinreb, Cynthia S. Santillan, Claude B. Sirlin
Summary: Since its release in 2011, LI-RADS has evolved from a single algorithm for HCC diagnosis to a multialgorithm system covering all major liver imaging modalities. It has achieved global adoption in clinical care and research and unified HCC diagnostic systems in the US. However, there are still gaps in knowledge, such as challenges in surveillance, diagnostic population definition, and reporting. Future directions will focus on addressing these challenges and incorporating advanced technologies to create a probability-based system for liver cancer diagnosis and prognostication.
Editorial Material
Electrochemistry
Kate Lawrence
Summary: In order to enhance our journal's reliability as a resource for the community, we have enlisted additional help and guidance from an Early Career Advisory Board and new members joining our Editorial Board to broaden the depth and knowledge represented by the journal.
Article
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
James Donlon, Ashok Goel
Summary: We introduce the groundbreaking National AI Research Institutes Program by the U.S. National Science Foundation. These AI institutes are interdisciplinary collaborations that tackle larger-scale, longer-time horizon challenges in both foundational and use-inspired AI research, serving as nexus points to address society's grand challenges.
Review
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Carol D. Ryff
Summary: This article reviews the history of positive psychology, highlighting early problems that have persisted and recent progress. It discusses issues such as the use of poorly constructed measures of well-being and reliance on homogeneous research samples, as well as the commercialization of positive psychology. The article advocates for future research that addresses contemporary challenges, particularly inequality and the pandemic, and emphasizes the need to study domains such as the arts and nature. The overall message is for positive psychology to confront persistent problems while striving for a socially relevant and virtuous future.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Gerard C. P. Schaafsma, Jouni Vaeliaho, Qing Wang, Anna Bergloef, Rula Zain, C. I. Edvard Smith, Mauno Vihinen
Summary: BTKbase is an international database that collects information on disease-causing variants in Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) leading to X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA). It is one of the first publicly available variation databases, and currently contains information on 2310 DNA variants, of which 1025 are unique.