Transfer of multivariate regression models between high-resolution NMR instruments: application to authenticity control of sunflower lecithin

In recent years the number of spectroscopic studies utilizing multivariate techniques and involving different laboratories has been dramatically increased. In this paper the protocol for calibration transfer of partial least square regression model between high-resolution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometers of different frequencies and equipped with different probes was established. As the test system previously published quantitative model to predict the concentration of blended soy species in sunflower lecithin was used. For multivariate modelling piecewise direct standardization (PDS), direct standardization, and hybrid calibration were employed. PDS showed the best performance for estimating lecithin falsification regarding its vegetable origin resulting in a significant decrease in root mean square error of prediction from 5.0 to 7.3% without standardization to 2.9-3.2% for PDS. Acceptable calibration transfer model was obtained by direct standardization, but this standardization approach introduces unfavourable noise to the spectral data. Hybrid calibration is least recommended for high-resolution NMR data. The sensitivity of instrument transfer methods with respect to the type of spectrometer, the number of samples and the subset selection was also discussed. The study showed the necessity of applying a proper standardization procedure in cases when multivariate model has to be applied to the spectra recorded on a secondary NMR spectrometer even with the same magnetic field strength. Copyright (C) 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.