Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Daniela Damiani, Mario Tiribelli
Summary: The prognosis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remains unsatisfactory due to poor response to therapy or relapse, which can be attributed to the over-expression of multidrug resistance (MDR) proteins. ABCG2, an efflux transporter responsible for inducing MDR in leukemic cells, has the ability to extrude many antineoplastic drugs, leading to AML resistance and/or relapse. This review focuses on the expression and role of ABCG2, as well as its regulation and potential inhibition to counteract drug resistance and improve outcomes in AML patients.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Yu Liu, Ruyue Zheng, Yajun Liu, Lu Yang, Tao Li, Yafei Li, Zhongxing Jiang, Yanfang Liu, Chong Wang, Shujuan Wang
Summary: Adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a heterogeneous disease with improved outcomes through children-like regimens and novel agents; Factors affecting prognosis include age, white blood cell count, and genetic abnormalities; A prognostic model has been developed to predict overall survival in newly diagnosed ALL patients.
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Xueting Kong, Jiamian Zheng, Xiaxin Liu, Wandi Wang, Xuan Jiang, Jie Chen, Jing Lai, Zhenyi Jin, Xiuli Wu
Summary: This study investigated the distribution and clonality of TRGV subfamilies in gamma delta T cells of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The expression frequencies and gene expression levels of three TRGV subfamilies in AML samples were significantly lower than those in healthy individuals (HIs). Additionally, higher expression levels of the TRGV gene and higher proportion of V gamma 9(+) V delta 2(+) T cells showed better overall survival (OS) in AML patients.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Chaofeng Liang, Yujie Zhao, Cunte Chen, Shuxin Huang, Tairan Deng, Xiangbo Zeng, Jiaxiong Tan, Xianfeng Zha, Shaohua Chen, Yangqiu Li
Summary: Higher expression of TOX genes is associated with poor overall survival in AML patients and is related to the up-regulation of immune checkpoint genes. These findings provide new predictors for AML outcomes and direction for further research on the potential use of TOX genes in novel targeted therapies for AML.
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Valentina Giudice, Bianca Serio, Idalucia Ferrara, Paola Manzo, Marisa Gorrese, Rita Pepe, Angela Bertolini, Francesca D'Alto, Francesco Verdesca, Maddalena Langella, Amelia Filippelli, Carmine Selleri
Summary: Combining venetoclax with azacytidine is an effective and safe treatment option for older and frail patients with AML and high-risk MDS, resulting in improved overall survival and better responsiveness to therapy as indicated by certain biomarkers.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Zhengwei Wu, Jiawang Ou, Nannan Liu, Zhixiang Wang, Junjie Chen, Zihong Cai, Xiaoli Liu, Xiao Yu, Min Dai, Hongsheng Zhou
Summary: This study found that the expression level of T-cell immunoglobulin mucin-3 (Tim-3) on leukemia stem cells (LSC) is associated with prognosis in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), with high Tim-3 expression linked to poor overall survival and disease-free survival. Additionally, the upregulation of Tim-3 is associated with immune response, cell adhesion molecules, and signaling pathways.
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Dirk Reinhardt, Evangelia Antoniou, Katharina Waack
Summary: This review discusses the key developments in pediatric acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in terms of diagnosis, treatment, risk groups, and outcomes. It also provides a brief overview of current and future approaches.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Piotr Lacina, Aleksandra Butrym, Eliza Turlej, Martyna Stachowicz-Suhs, Joanna Wietrzyk, Grzegorz Mazur, Katarzyna Bogunia-Kubik
Summary: This study confirms the importance of BSG/MCT1 in AML, and suggests that soluble BSG and BSG/MCT1 genetic variants may act as potential AML biomarkers.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Cunte Chen, Ling Xu, Rili Gao, Shunqing Wang, Yuping Zhang, Caixia Wang, Chengwu Zeng, Yangqiu Li
Summary: The study revealed that increased BRD4 expression was associated with poor overall survival in AML patients. Additionally, co-expression of BRD4 with PD-1 or PD-L1 was linked to worse overall survival. The co-expression of BRD4 and PD-L1 was positively correlated with high tumor mutation burden and contributed to poor overall survival in AML patients.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Nickolas Stabellini, Benjamin Tomlinson, Jennifer Cullen, John Shanahan, Kristin Waite, Alberto J. J. Montero, Jill S. S. Barnholtz-Sloan, Nelson Hamerschlak
Summary: This study conducted a comprehensive analysis of sex differences in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and found that there are disparities in incidence and survival between males and females. Treatment and healthcare factors have important implications for survival rates.
Article
Oncology
Yue Hou, Jie Zi, Zheng Ge
Summary: The study revealed that increased RhoF expression in AML patients is associated with poor prognosis, especially in younger age groups, those receiving intensive chemotherapy, and patients without transplantation. High RhoF expression is closely related to older age, intermediate/poor-risk cytogenetics, and mutations in several genes.
Article
Oncology
Xia Zhang, Fang Wang, Jifeng Yu, Zhongxing Jiang
Summary: This study analyzed the clinical data of newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients with or without bone marrow fibrosis (BMF). It found that AML patients with BMF had different clinical characteristics, gene mutations, and prognosis compared to those without BMF. The presence and degree of BMF had a significant impact on the prognosis of AML patients. Evaluation of BMF was important for the treatment efficacy and prognosis of newly diagnosed AML.
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Flavia Melo Cunha de Pinho Pessoa, Caio Bezerra Machado, Igor Valentim Barreto, Giulia Freire Sampaio, Deivide de Sousa Oliveira, Rodrigo Monteiro Ribeiro, Germison Silva Lopes, Maria Elisabete Amaral de Moraes, Manoel Odorico de Moraes Filho, Lucas Eduardo Botelho de Souza, Andre Salim Khayat, Caroline Aquino Moreira-Nunes
Summary: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a blood cancer caused by genetic mutations, chromosomal translocations, or molecular changes. These alterations accumulate in stem cells and progenitor cells, leading to the development of AML, which is prevalent in 80% of adult acute leukemias. Recurrent cytogenetic abnormalities serve as diagnostic and prognostic markers and also confer resistance to traditional treatments. Immunophenotyping can help characterize the surface antigens of AML cells, aiding in the understanding of their molecular and immunophenotypic alterations.
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Magda Assem, Rady E. E. El-Araby, Ahmed A. A. Al-Karmalawy, Reem Nabil, Mohamed A. M. Kamal, Amany Belal, Heba I. I. Ghamry, Mohammed A. S. Abourehab, Mohammed M. M. Ghoneim, Mohammad Y. Y. Alshahrani, Asmaa A. A. El Leithy
Summary: In this study, we investigated the methylation levels and expression of Galectin-3 and Galectin-12 in primary leukemic cells from patients with AML. We found a significant correlation between promoter methylation and loss of LGALS12 gene expression in AML patients. Moreover, we identified specific CpG sites in the promoter region of galectin-12 that must be unmethylated for gene expression to occur.
FRONTIERS IN GENETICS
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Jiamian Zheng, Dan Qiu, Xuan Jiang, Yun Zhao, Haotian Zhao, Xiaofang Wu, Jie Chen, Jing Lai, Wenbin Zhang, Xutong Li, Yangqiu Li, Xiuli Wu, Zhenyi Jin
Summary: This study found that an increase in the PD-1(+)Foxp3(+) gamma delta T cell subset in AML is associated with poor clinical outcome, providing predictive value for the study of AML patients.
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2022)
