The importance of hypophosphatemia in the clinical management of primary hyperparathyroidism

AimThe levels of serum phosphorus (P) are low or low-normal in primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT), and there is an inverse relationship between the levels of parathormone (PTH) and P. However, when considering the diagnostic and surgical indication criteria of PHPT, serum P levels are generally ignored. The aim of this study was to retrospectively evaluate the association of serum P levels with the clinical outcomes of PHPT.Materials and MethodsA retrospective evaluation was made of the data of 424 consecutive patients (370 females, 54 males) with PHPT who presented at our centre.ResultsThe mean age of the study population was 57 +/- 11.68 years. The mean P was 2.57 +/- 0.53 mg/dl. Asymptomatic disease was determined in 199 (47%) patients. Male patients had significantly lower levels of P. Symptomatic patients and patients with renal stones, vitamin D < 20 mu g/l, calcium level >= 11.2 mg/dl, 24 h urinary calcium > 400 mg/day, or hypomagnesemia, were seen to have significantly lower levels of P (p < 0.05). Hypophosphatemia (hypoP) was found in 202 of 424 patients (47%), and these patients had a higher rate of symptomatic disease (63% to 44%, p < .0001). Of the 61 (88%) patients with moderate hypoP, 54 (88%) had at least one of the surgical criteria. A statistically significant increase in the incidence of hypoP was determined in symptomatic and male patients. In the patients with hypoP, serum PTH and urine calcium levels were found to be higher, and lumbar T-scores and serum vitamin D levels were lower. The patients with hypoP had higher rates of renal stones and osteoporosis (p < 0.05).ConclusionsThe current study results show that hypoP is associated with a higher risk of osteoporosis and renal stones in PHPT patients. Even if patients are asymptomatic, moderate hypoP may be associated with poor outcomes of PHPT. Therefore, moderate hypoP may be a new criterion for parathyroidectomy, regardless of hypercalcemia level.

Automated summary

The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of serum phosphorus levels with the clinical outcomes of primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT). The results showed that low serum phosphorus levels were associated with a higher risk of osteoporosis and renal stones in PHPT patients. Even asymptomatic patients may have poor outcomes if they have moderate hypophosphatemia. Therefore, moderate hypophosphatemia could be a new criterion for parathyroidectomy regardless of hypercalcemia level.