Article
Immunology
Annalisa Ciabattini, Gabiria Pastore, Fabio Fiorino, Jacopo Polvere, Simone Lucchesi, Elena Pettini, Stefano Auddino, Ilaria Rancan, Miriam Durante, Michele Miscia, Barbara Rossetti, Massimiliano Fabbiani, Francesca Montagnani, Donata Medaglini
Summary: The study found that spike-specific antibodies and memory B cells still persisted up to 6 months after BNT162b2 vaccine administration, indicating a lasting immune protection against SARS-CoV-2 virus.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biology
Marloes Grobben, Karlijn van der Straten, Philip J. M. Brouwer, Mitch Brinkkemper, Pauline Maisonnasse, Nathalie Dereuddre-Bosquet, Brent Appelman, A. H. Ayesha Lovell, Lonneke A. van Vught, Judith A. Burger, Meliawati Poniman, Melissa Oomen, Dirk Eggink, Tom P. L. Bijl, Hugo D. G. van Willigen, Elke Wynberg, Bas J. Verkaik, Orlane J. A. Figaroa, Peter J. de Vries, Tessel M. Boertien, Marije K. Bomers, Jonne J. Sikkens, Roger Le Grand, Menno D. de Jong, Maria Prins, Amy W. Chung, Godelieve J. de Bree, Rogier W. Sanders, Marit J. van Gils
Summary: Research shows that after SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination, humans produce cross-reactive antibodies against multiple coronaviruses, supporting the feasibility of developing a pan-coronavirus vaccine.
Article
Immunology
Jin Wang, Cheng Guo, Lin Cai, Conghui Liao, Huaimin Yi, Qianlin Li, Huan Hu, Qiang Deng, Yuying Lu, Zhongmin Guo, Zeliang Chen, Jiahai Lu
Summary: The study found large amounts of pre-existing cross-reactive antibodies, especially in the S2 subunit among seasonal coronaviruses (sCoVs). Participants did not show significant differences in IgG and IgM fluorescence intensities against S, M, and N peptides pre-vaccination and post-vaccination. There was no evidence of an impact of pre-existing antibody responses on inactivated vaccine-induced neutralization and antibody responses.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Ioanna Papadatou, Maria Geropeppa, Kleio-Maria Verrou, Marianna Tzanoudaki, Theano Lagousi, Emmanouil Liatsis, Vana Spoulou
Summary: This study comprehensively profiles the immune response of healthy volunteers to the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine and demonstrates the induction of both innate and adaptive immunity in a coordinated manner. It also identifies the central role of primarily induced CD4+ T cells as a predictive biomarker of the magnitude of anamnestic immune response.
Article
Virology
Kuan-Yin Shen, Chung-Hsiang Yang, Chiung-Tong Chen, Hui-Min Ho, Fang-Feng Chiu, Chiung-Yi Huang, Hung-Chun Liao, Chia-Wei Hsu, Guann-Yi Yu, Ching-Len Liao, Hsin-Wei Chen, Ming-Hsi Huang, Shih-Jen Liu
Summary: The major challenge in COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness is immune escape by SARS-CoV-2 variants. An Omicron-specific mRNA vaccine was designed to overcome this challenge. Animal studies showed that the vaccine generates non-neutralizing antibodies or cellular immunity that can recognize both Wuhan and Omicron variants, providing protection against Wuhan virus challenge.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Rosalia Busa, Monica Miele, Maria Concetta Sorrentino, Giandomenico Amico, Francesca Timoneri, Vitale Miceli, Mariangela Di Bella, Giovanna Russelli, Alessia Gallo, Giovanni Zito, Gioacchin Iannolo, Pier Giulio Conaldi, Matteo Bulati
Summary: Through observation of individuals with normal immune function, we found that the third dose of mRNA vaccine is less effective in promoting specific IgG and IgA compared to natural infection. In addition, uninfected vaccinated individuals showed decreased resistance to virus variants compared to recovered individuals, who demonstrated enhanced neutralizing ability, particularly against the omicron variant. Finally, we discovered a pool of B cells in both groups that were capable of producing anti-SARS-CoV-2 specific immunoglobulins.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Peter J. Halfmann, Steven J. Frey, Kathryn Loef, Makoto Kuroda, Tadashi Maemura, Tammy Armbrust, Jie E. Yang, Yixuan J. Hou, Ralph Baric, Elizabeth R. Wright, Yoshihiro Kawaoka, Ravi S. Kane
Summary: Researchers have developed a vaccine based on the conserved S2 subunit of the S protein and optimized the adjuvant and immunization regimen. The vaccine showed efficacy against SARS-CoV-2 variants and other coronaviruses.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Joseph E. Ebinger, Roy Lan, Nancy Sun, Min Wu, Sandy Joung, Gregory J. Botwin, Patrick Botting, Daniah Al-Amili, Harriet Aronow, James Beekley, Bernice Coleman, Sandra Contreras, Wendy Cozen, Jennifer Davis, Philip Debbas, Jacqueline Diaz, Matthew Driver, Justyna Fert-Bober, Quanquan Gu, Mallory Heath, Ergueen Herrera, Amy Hoang, Shehnaz K. Hussain, Carissa Huynh, Linda Kim, Michelle Kittleson, Yunxian Liu, John Lloyd, Eric Luong, Bhavya Malladi, Akil Merchant, Noah Merin, Angela Mujukian, Nathalie Nguyen, Trevor-Trung Nguyen, Valeriya Pozdnyakova, Mohamad Rashid, Koen Raedschelders, Karen L. Reckamp, Kylie Rhoades, Sarah Sternbach, Rocio Vallejo, Shane White, Rose Tompkins, Melissa Wong, Moshe Arditi, Jane C. Figueiredo, Jennifer E. Van Eyk, Peggy B. Miles, Cynthia Chavira, Rita Shane, Kimia Sobhani, Gil Y. Melmed, Dermot P. B. McGovern, Jonathan G. Braun, Susan Cheng, Margo B. Minissian
Summary: Vaccine-related symptoms are generally mild and last less than 2 days. Female sex, prior COVID-19 infection, younger age, and history of hypertension are associated with more noticeable post-vaccine symptoms. This information can help clinicians advise patients on the expected symptomatology following vaccination.
PREVENTIVE MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Immunology
D. Mileto, C. Fenizia, M. Cutrera, G. Gagliardi, A. Gigantiello, A. De Silvestri, A. Rizzo, A. Mancon, M. Bianchi, F. De Poli, M. Cuomo, I Burgo, M. Longo, S. G. Rimoldi, C. Pagani, S. Grosso, V Micheli, G. Rizzardini, R. Grande, M. Biasin, M. R. Gismondo, A. Lombardi
Summary: The study demonstrates that administration of two doses of the BNT162b2 vaccine can elicit a robust SARS-CoV-2-specific immune response up to 3 months after full vaccination, but no correlation was observed between the quantity of antibodies detected by immunoassays and their neutralizing activity. Most subjects developed a specific T-cell response, and partial immune evasion was consistent in Beta and Delta variants among vaccinated healthcare workers.
EMERGING MICROBES & INFECTIONS
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Christina M. Kackos, Sherri L. Surman, Bart G. Jones, Robert E. Sealy, Trushar Jeevan, Christopher J. H. Davitt, Sergei Pustylnikov, Tamarand L. Darling, Adrianus C. M. Boon, Julia L. Hurwitz, Marcelo M. Samsa, Richard J. Webby
Summary: SARS-CoV-2 continues to disrupt everyday life and cause excess morbidity and mortality worldwide. Vaccination has been key to quelling the impact of this respiratory pathogen, and mRNA vaccines have led the charge on this front. The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants has threatened vaccine efficacy, but the mRNA vaccines developed by GreenLight Biosciences have shown robust protective efficacy against the wild-type virus and its variants.
MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM
(2023)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Bryan Oronsky, Harry E. Gruber, Wendy Reiners, Tony R. Reid
Summary: The global pandemic of COVID-19 has accelerated vaccine development. The importance of recruiting cellular T-cell immunity in SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidates is emphasized, and there is a call for the industry to investigate and publish parameters related to cellular immunity in their research reports.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Virology
Mei-Qin Liu, Ren-Di Jiang, Jing Guo, Ying Chen, Dong-Sheng Yang, Xi Wang, Hao-Feng Lin, Ang Li, Bei Li, Ben Hu, Ze-Jun Wang, Xing-Lou Yang, Zheng-Li Shi
Summary: This study tested the protective efficacy of the SARS-CoV-2 inactivated vaccine against different spike proteins in SARSr-CoVs. The vaccine provided full protection against one strain and partial protection against another strain. The T-cell response stimulated by the vaccine may explain the cross protection against different SARSr-CoVs. These findings suggest the feasibility of developing pan-sarbecovirus vaccines as preparedness for future outbreaks.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Urology & Nephrology
Philippe Attias, Imane Azzaoui, Khalil El Karoui, Andrea de la Selle, Aurelien Sokal, Pascal Chappert, Philippe Grimbert, Ignacio Fernandez, Magali Bouvier, Chloe Samson, Djamal Dahmane, Philippe Rieu, Patrice Nizard, Slim Fourati, Hamza Sakhi, Matthieu Mahevas, Mondor NephroCov Study Grp
Summary: After two doses of mRNA vaccine, dialysis patients showed a defective immune response, but a third dose improved the antibody titers in virus-naive patients. However, SARS-CoV-2-recovered patients did not show a significant increase in antibody titers after the third dose. Memory B cell response also differed between virus-naive and SARS-CoV-2-recovered patients.
CLINICAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF NEPHROLOGY
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Eijaz Ahmed Bhat, Johra Khan, Nasreena Sajjad, Ahmad Ali, Fahad M. Aldakeel, Ayesha Mateen, Mohammed S. Alqahtani, Rabbani Syed
Summary: This article provides an overview of the epidemiology, genome structure, and treatment and prevention of COVID-19, focusing on the structure of its viral proteins and pathogenic mechanisms.
INTERNATIONAL IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Letter
Medicine, General & Internal
Todd Bradley, Elin Grundberg, Rangaraj Selvarangan, Cas LeMaster, Elizabeth Fraley, Dithi Banerjee, Bradley Belden, Daniel Louiselle, Nick Nolte, Rebecca Biswell, Tomi Pastinen, Angela Myers, Jennifer Schuster
Summary: A small study found that antibody responses significantly increased in healthcare workers after receiving a single dose of the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, including antibodies to spike protein subunits S1 and S2, as well as the receptor-binding domain.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Virology
Jose L. Casado, Elisa Moraga, Pilar Vizcarra, Hector Velasco, Adrian Martin-Hondarza, Johannes Haemmerle, Sandra Gomez, Carmen Quereda, Alejandro Vallejo
Summary: Infection with SARS-CoV-2 leads to increased levels of inflammatory cytokines and alterations in the distribution and phenotype of NK cells, which may enhance the impairment of the crucial innate defense during COVID-19 infection.
Article
Microbiology
Alejandro Vallejo, Adrian Martin-Hondarza, Sandra Gomez, Hector Velasco, Pilar Vizcarra, Johannes Haemmerle, Jose L. Casado
Summary: SARS-CoV-2 spike mRNA vaccines not only induce specific responses to the spike protein, but also enhance T-cell responses to the membrane and nucleocapsid proteins. This suggests that mRNA vaccines serve as broad boosters of cellular responses and provide extended protection against viral variants.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Jose L. Casado, Pilar Vizcarra, Maria J. Vivancos, Javier Martinez-Sanz, Maria J. Perez-Elias, Ana Moreno, Alejandro Vallejo
Summary: This study investigated the co-infection and superinfection rates, as well as the changes in CD4+ count and CD4+/CD8+ ratio, in hospitalized people living with HIV (PLWH) with COVID-19. The results showed that bacterial co-infection was not frequent and most patients experienced immune recovery after the disease.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Jose L. Casado, Johannes Haemmerle, Pilar Vizcarra, Gema Ramirez-Alonso, Andrea Salazar-Tosco, Beatriz Romero-Hernandez, Magdalena Blasco, Mario Rodriguez-Dominguez, Itria G. Mirabella, Alejandro Vallejo, Marina Fernandez-Escribano
Summary: The risk of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection is closely related to the clinical and serological presentation of COVID-19. COVID-19 vaccination further decreases the risk of reinfection, especially among seropositive individuals.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Jose L. Casado, Pilar Vizcarra, Johannes Haemmerle, Hector Velasco, Adrian Martin-Hondarza, Mario J. Rodriguez-Dominguez, Tamara Velasco, Sara Martin, Beatriz Romero-Hernandez, Marina Fernandez-Escribano, Alejandro Vallejo
Summary: Little is known about the factors associated with the lack of T-cell response to mRNA vaccines against SARS-CoV-2. A study on a cohort of 61 healthcare workers found that 21% and 16% showed a lack of CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell response after the first dose of the mRNA BNT162b vaccine, and 12% and 7% showed a lack of response after the second dose, respectively. Pre-existing T-cell immunity, either from past infection or cross-reactive cellular response, was significantly associated with T-cell response frequency and magnitude. Baseline CD4+ T-cell levels correlated positively with the titer of specific IgG antibodies. These findings suggest that cross-reactive T-cells are linked to better cellular and humoral responses after mRNA vaccination.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Matilde Sanchez-Conde, Pilar Vizcarra, Jose Manuel Perez-Garcia, Maria Gion, Maria Pilar Martialay, Javier Taboada, Alberto Alonso-Fernandez, Miguel Sampayo-Cordero, Andrea Malfettone, Isabel Tena, Sergio De la Torre, Antonio Llombart-Cussac, Javier Cortes
Summary: The study evaluated the efficacy and safety of Pembrolizumab and tocilizumab in hospitalized COVID-19 pneumonia patients at high risk without mechanical ventilation. The results showed that adding Pembrolizumab and tocilizumab to the treatment regimen reduced the hospitalization period, resulted in faster discharges, and had no adverse effects.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Pilar Vizcarra, Ana Moreno, Maria J. Vivancos, Alfonso Muriel Garcia, Ricardo Pelazas Gonzalez, Felix Gutierrez, Diana Corona Mata, Pepa Galindo, Sonia Calzado, Jose L. Casado
Summary: The study evaluated the performance of FRAX and QFracture scoring systems in predicting fragility fractures in HIV patients. The results showed that both tools displayed acceptable discrimination, but significantly underestimated the risk of fragility fractures. The recommended assessment thresholds were not suitable for this population as they failed to identify individuals with fragility fractures during follow-up.
AIDS PATIENT CARE AND STDS
(2023)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Rosa Escudero-Sanchez, Elena Rubio Martin, Pilar Vizcarra, Francisco Braojos Sanchez, Alvaro Diaz Gago, Laura Del Campo Albendea, Alfonso Muriel, Ana Halperin, Manuel Ponce Alonso, Santiago Moreno Guillen, Javier Cobo
Summary: In this study, the recurrence rate of Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) was compared between conventional dosing of fidaxomicin (FCD) and extended-pulsed dosing of fidaxomicin (FEPD). The results showed no significant difference in the recurrence rate between the two dosing regimens. Further clinical trials or large observational studies are needed to compare the efficacy of these two dosing regimens.
JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL CHEMOTHERAPY
(2023)
Editorial Material
Virology
Alejandro Vallejo, Maria Abad-Fernandez
Article
Oncology
Cristina Saavedra, Alejandro Vallejo, Federico Longo, Juan Jose Serrano, Maria Fernandez, Maria Gion, Elena Lopez-Miranda, Noelia Martinez-Janez, Eva Guerra, Jesus Chamorro, Diana Rosero, Hector Velasco, Adrian Martin, Alfredo Carrato, Jose Luis Casado, Alfonso Cortes
Summary: Limited data on the immune response to mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in breast cancer patients receiving CDK4/6 inhibitors are available. In this study, a comparison was made between breast cancer patients receiving CDK4/6 inhibitors and healthcare workers after mRNA-1273 vaccination. The results showed a stronger humoral response but a reduced trend in T-cell response in women receiving CDK4/6 inhibitors.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Pilar Vizcarra, Ana Moreno, Maria J. Vivancos, Alfonso Muriel Garcia, Margarita Ramirez Schacke, Juan Gonzalez-Garcia, Adrian Curran, Rosario Palacios, Antonio Jesus Sanchez Guirao, Sergio Reus Banuls, Santiago Moreno Guillen, Jose L. Casado, Spanish HIV Res Network CoRIS
Summary: This study aimed to develop a model for predicting the long-term risk of fragility fractures in people with HIV. The model accurately predicted the 5- and 10-year risk of fragility fractures and showed better performance compared to the existing prediction tool.
JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Carmen Hidalgo-Tenorio, Ines Pitto-Robles, Daniel Arnes Garcia, F. Javier Membrillo de Novales, Laura Morata, Raul Mendez, Olga Bravo de Pablo, Vicente Abril Lopez de Medrano, Miguel Salavert Lleti, Pilar Vizcarra, Jaime Lora-Tamayo, Ana Arnaiz Garcia, Leonor Moreno Nunez, Mar Masia, Maria Pilar Ruiz Seco, Svetlana Sadyrbaeva-Dolgova
Summary: This study analyzed the use of ceftobiprole medocaril (Cefto-M) in Spanish clinical practice, primarily for respiratory and skin and soft tissue infections, as rescue therapy in severe infectious diseases. Age, ICU admission, and sepsis/septic shock were identified as factors associated with higher mortality rates.