Article
Microbiology
Dane Granger, Nicholas T. Streck, Elitza S. Theel
Summary: This study suggests that a single antigen detection assay can be used to simultaneously detect Histoplasma and Blastomyces, with a high level of diagnostic accuracy. By utilizing the cross-reactivity between the two antigen detection assays, test utilization can be optimized and patient costs can be decreased.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Dermatology
Diego H. Caceres, Laura C. Echeverri Tirado, Alexandro Bonifaz, Antoine Adenis, Beatriz L. Gomez, Claudia Lizette Banda Flores, Cristina E. Canteros, Daniel Wagner Santos, Eduardo Arathoon, Elia Ramirez Soto, Flavio Queiroz-Telles, Ilan S. Schwartz, Jeannete Zurita, Lisandra Serra Damasceno, Nataly Garcia, Norma B. Fernandez, Omayra Chincha, Patricia Araujo, Ricardo Rabagliati, Tom Chiller, Gustavo Giusiano
Summary: This report summarizes the regional analysis of the status of endemic mycoses in the Americas. The study reveals that endemic mycoses are neglected diseases and there is a need for improvement in diagnosis, treatment, and surveillance.
Review
Microbiology
Shawn R. Lockhart, Mitsuru Toda, Kaitlin Benedict, Diego H. Caceres, Anastasia P. Litvintseva
Summary: Endemic fungi are thermally dimorphic fungi with limited geographic range that can cause primary disease and opportunistic infections, posing a significant medical burden on immunocompromised individuals and in resource-limited settings. The Americas are the primary home to endemic fungi, including multiple genera of fungi with symptoms similar to other diseases, often leading to delayed diagnosis and highlighting the importance of new taxonomic changes.
Review
Microbiology
Kathleen A. Linder, Carol A. Kauffman
Summary: Diagnosing blastomycosis and histoplasmosis can be difficult, but current antigen and antibody detection methods help with rapid diagnosis. Culture and tissue examination have been traditional diagnostic methods for these fungal infections, but antigen detection plays a crucial role in establishing rapid diagnoses, especially in severely ill and immunocompromised patients.
Article
Immunology
John Cafardi, Douglas Haas, Thomas Lamarre, Judith Feinberg
Summary: Two cases of severe COVID-19 requiring prolonged hospitalization were reported, which were complicated by late-onset opportunistic fungal infections, histoplasmosis, and cryptococcosis.
OPEN FORUM INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Andrew S. Hanzlicek, Kate S. KuKanich, Audrey K. Cook, Steven Hodges, John M. Thomason, Rupika DeSilva, Akhilesh Ramachandran, Michelle M. Durkin
Summary: This study aimed to describe the clinical utility of culture and the susceptibility patterns of Histoplasma spp. isolates causing histoplasmosis in cats and dogs. The diagnostic sensitivity of culture was found to be 52% in cats and 79% in dogs, and susceptibility testing identified some isolates for which fluconazole is less likely to be effective.
JOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Lucas dos Santos Dias, Hannah E. Dobson, Brock Kingstad Bakke, Gregory C. Kujoth, Junfeng Huang, Elaine M. Kohn, Cleison Ledesma Taira, Huafeng Wang, Nitin T. Supekar, J. Scott Fites, Daisy Gates, Christina L. Gomez, Charles A. Specht, Stuart M. Levitz, Parastoo Azadi, Lingjun Li, Marulasiddappa Suresh, Bruce S. Klein, Marcel Wuthrich
Summary: The development of a newly discovered adjuvant that augments cell mediated immune responses against fungi and viruses has potential applications for safe vaccination against various microbial pathogens.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Kristie D. Goughenour, Janice Whalin, Jason C. Slot, Chad A. Rappleye
Summary: This study investigated fungal chitinases, revealing that the diversity of chitinases is not supported by the previous assumption of being divided into three major clades, including bacterial-origin chitinases. Furthermore, chitin-binding domains are not confined to specific clades, and predicting chitinase functionality requires more sophisticated models.
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
(2021)
Review
Dermatology
George R. Thompson, Alessandro C. Pasqualotto
Summary: Endemic mycoses are a group of environmental fungi that share certain characteristics, and pitfalls in recognizing and managing these infections are common. Understanding the common manifestations and lingering effects is crucial for treating physicians. Reviewing unmet needs in recently published guidelines and outlining future research areas is essential.
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Dennis J. Woerde, Luke A. Wittenburg, Jonathan D. Dear
Summary: This study investigated the pharmacokinetics of isavuconazole in cats and found that both IV and PO administration resulted in high serum concentrations. The results suggest that isavuconazole can be useful in treating fungal infections in cats, but further studies are required to assess its safety, efficacy, and tolerability.
JOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Mark Voorhies, Shirli Cohen, Terrance P. Shea, Semar Petrus, Jose F. Munoz, Shane Poplawski, William E. Goldman, Todd P. Michael, Christina A. Cuomo, Anita Sil, Sinem Beyhan
Summary: This study resequenced five Histoplasma strains and assembled them at chromosomal level, revealing extensive gene synteny among these geographically distant isolates. It was found that a major regulator gene was duplicated in one strain and that transposons and transposonembedded genes showed differential expression between yeast and mycelial phases.
Article
Microbiology
Mark Voorhies, Shirli Cohen, Terrance P. Shea, Semar Petrus, Jose F. Munoz, Shane Poplawski, William E. Goldman, Todd P. Michael, Christina A. Cuomo, Anita Sil, Sinem Beyhan
Summary: Histoplasma species are important fungal pathogens causing significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. This study provides chromosome-level assemblies of commonly used Histoplasma strains using long-read sequencing technology. Comparative analysis of these genomes reveals largely conserved gene order within the chromosomes. Mapping existing transcriptome data on these new assemblies reveals clustering of transcriptionally coregulated genes. The results highlight the importance of obtaining chromosome-level assemblies in understanding the biology of human fungal pathogens.
Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
D. Wilmes, E. Coche, H. Rodriguez-Villalobos, N. Kanaan
Summary: Fungal pneumonia is a common and dangerous complication after kidney transplantation, presenting challenges in diagnosis and treatment that require consideration of various factors including transmission risk, severity, and comorbidities. Effective management involves timely diagnosis and treatment based on the clinical context.
RESPIRATORY MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Diego H. Caceres, Maria C. Rodriguez-Barradas, Michael Whitaker, Brendan R. Jackson, Lindsay Kim, Diya Surie, Bryanna Cikesh, Mark D. Lindsley, Orion Z. McCotter, Elizabeth L. Berkow, Mitsuru Toda
Summary: Fungal respiratory illnesses caused by endemic mycoses were found to be common in patients hospitalized with acute respiratory illness (ARI) in southeast Texas. This suggests that these fungi may be more common causes of ARI in this region than commonly appreciated.
Review
Microbiology
Antonia Last, Michelle Maurer, Alexander S. Mosig, Mark S. Gresnigt, Bernhard Hube
Summary: This article discusses the use and advancement of in vitro models of fungal infections, aiming to help people better understand the pathogenesis of fungal diseases and find treatment methods.
FEMS MICROBIOLOGY REVIEWS
(2021)
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
Mark G. Papich, Roger J. Narayan
Summary: In this experiment, beagle dogs were injected with naloxone and nalmefene using a hollow microneedle device. Naloxone injection produced a higher peak concentration compared to nalmefene, while both injections had lower exposure when administered through the microneedle device. The peak concentration achieved from the naloxone injection was significantly higher than that from the nalmefene injection, despite naloxone being administered at a higher dose.
DRUG DELIVERY AND TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Marilyn N. Martinez, Mark G. Papich, Raafat Fahmy
Summary: This overview explores species-specific factors influencing oral drug solubility and formulation approaches to overcome solubility-associated bioavailability challenges. It discusses the differences in gastrointestinal fluid composition among species, different oral dosage forms used in various animals, and the impact of prandial state in dogs and cats.
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Rebecca A. Bloch, Mark G. Papich, Til Sturmer
Summary: This study describes the patterns of antimicrobial prescriptions for sporadic urinary tract infections in dogs in the United States from 2010 to 2019. The results show that the proportion of visits resulting in no antimicrobial prescription increased over the 10-year period, while the prescriptions for amoxicillin and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid also increased. The use of fluoroquinolones and third-generation cephalosporins remained constant.
JAVMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION
(2022)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Mark G. Papich, Melanie Madsen, Kristen Messenger, Hiroko Enomoto
Summary: This study tested the feasibility of using an SC mini-infusion pump to deliver ceftazidime in dogs and maintain plasma concentrations at a therapeutic target for 48 hours. The results showed that the SC infusion maintained plasma concentrations near the target for most of the dose interval, with a slight decrease after 24 hours. This study demonstrated the successful application of the RxActuator Mini-Infuser wearable SC constant rate infusion pump for delivering an antimicrobial needed for serious infections in dogs.
JOURNAL OF VETERINARY EMERGENCY AND CRITICAL CARE
(2022)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Catherine Burlison, Sherry Cox, Joseph Smith, Jennifer Stokes, Jacqueline C. Whittemore, Becky DeBolt
Summary: The study found that Ponazuril is an effective drug for treating coccidiosis in cats, achieving the necessary plasma concentration to inhibit the growth of similar organisms after a single oral dose. Further research is needed to optimize the dosing for treatment.
JOURNAL OF VETERINARY PHARMACOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS
(2022)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Lauren P. Kane, Matthew R. O'Connor, Mark G. Papich
Summary: This study investigated the pharmacokinetics of meloxicam in yellow stingrays, suggesting an oral dose of 2 mg/kg once daily as recommended dosage and frequency. Intramuscular administration may not maintain clinically relevant plasma concentrations due to rapid elimination. Further research is needed to determine multidose pharmacokinetics in yellow stingrays and in other elasmobranch species.
JOURNAL OF ZOO AND WILDLIFE MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
M. Katherine Tolbert, Naila J. Telles, Bradley T. Simon, Elizabeth M. Scallan, Joshua M. Price, Emily N. Gould, Mark G. Papich, Jonathan A. Lidbury, Jorg M. Steiner, Aarti Kathrani
Summary: This study aimed to characterize gastrointestinal transit times and pH in dogs and compare them to data from cats. The results showed differences in transit times and pH between dogs and cats, with shorter transit times observed in dogs in the prefeeding period.
JAVMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION
(2022)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Nicola Pusterla, Wendy Vaala, Fairfield T. Bain, Duane E. Chappell, Bryant Craig, Chrissie Schneider, D. Craig Barnett, Earl Gaughan, Mark G. Papich
Summary: This study aimed to determine if the FDA-labeled dose of diclazuril given once weekly to healthy adult horses could achieve steady-state concentrations in plasma known to inhibit S. neurona in cell culture. The results showed that oral administration of the FDA-labeled dose of diclazuril to healthy horses once a week was able to produce steady-state plasma drug concentrations known to inhibit S. neurona in vitro.
JOURNAL OF EQUINE VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Jennifer J. Kilburn, Dennis Schmitt, Wendy Kiso, Mark G. Papich, Kay A. Backues
Summary: Appropriate and effective antibiotic use varies across species in veterinary medicine. This study examined the pharmacokinetics of levofloxacin after oral and rectal administration in Asian elephants, and found that both routes achieved adequate concentrations for potential treatment. However, individualized treatment should be based on antimicrobial stewardship principles, culture and susceptibility testing, and blood level monitoring.
JOURNAL OF ZOO AND WILDLIFE MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Mark G. Papich
Summary: This article summarizes the antibiotic recommendations for treating skin infections published in the past 30 years. It highlights the shift in treatment approach due to the increase in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus spp (MRSP), especially in dogs. The use of topical treatments and culture/susceptibility testing has increased, and previously less commonly used antibiotics are now considered for treatment.
JAVMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION
(2023)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Mariola B. Rak, Tamberlyn D. Moyers, Joshua M. Price, Jacqueline C. Whittemore
Summary: This study compared the effects of placebo, prednisone, prednisone with omeprazole, and prednisone with probiotics on glucocorticoid-induced gastric bleeding in dogs. The results showed that co-administration of prednisone and omeprazole partially mitigated gastric bleeding, while the protective effect of co-administration with probiotics was not significant.
JOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Jonathan D. Foster, Mahmoud Abouraya, Mark G. Papich, Nancy A. Muma
Summary: This study aimed to determine if enrofloxacin and its active metabolite ciprofloxacin have reduced clearance in cats with reduced kidney function. The results showed that body weight was the only covariate affecting the volume of distribution and clearance of total fluoroquinolone, while kidney function did not have a significant effect on total fluoroquinolone clearance. Therefore, dosage adjustment of enrofloxacin is not necessary for azotemic cats.
JOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Anna K. McManamey, Teresa C. DeFrancesco, Kathryn M. Meurs, Mark G. Papich
Summary: The pharmacokinetics of pimobendan were investigated in dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD). The study found that the pharmacokinetic parameters were highly variable among this group of dogs, and the variability was not associated with dog characteristics.
JOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Michael S. McEntire, Jennifer A. Landolfi, Michael J. Adkesson, Mark G. Papich, Samantha J. Sander, Leena Roy, Alexandria Talley, Lauren Vincent, Matthew C. Allender
Summary: This study aimed to determine the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of ponazuril for the treatment of systemic isosporosis. The results suggested that a dosage of 100 mg/kg ponazuril administered via direct gavage or top-dressed feed could inhibit the production of oocysts and reduce the shedding, decreasing the risk of infection in susceptible juveniles.
JOURNAL OF ZOO AND WILDLIFE MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Emily Allyson Hartman, Daniela Pena Hernandez, Gena Kenitra Hendrix, Marije Risselada, Hsin-Yi Weng, Mark G. Papich, Sun Young Kim
Summary: This study compared the antimicrobial activity of antibiotic-impregnated calcium sulfate (CaSO4) beads after storage for different durations. It was found that correctly stored antibiotic-impregnated CaSO4 beads can be used for at least 12 months after formulation.
VETERINARY SURGERY
(2023)