Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Cyril Etienne, Alexandra Houssaye, John R. Hutchinson
Summary: Land mammals, like rhinoceroses, support and move their bodies using their musculoskeletal system, which adapts to their large body mass through muscle organization. Rhinos show adaptations such as longer lever arms for muscle insertions due to their heavy weight. Neonates have higher maximal isometric force in muscles compared to adults, except for certain muscles like extensor and propulsor muscles, indicating a development of force-generating capacity with growth.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Davide Bagnara, Andrea Nicola Mazzarello, Fabio Ghiotto, Monica Colombo, Giovanna Cutrona, Franco Fais, Manlio Ferrarini
Summary: The engagement of B cell receptor plays a crucial role in chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and blocking its signaling has shown promising efficacy in controlling the disease. This article reviews the key steps that led to the understanding of the role of B cell receptor, discusses its biological effects and alternative mechanisms promoting cell proliferation. The importance of B cell receptor in clonal evolution and disease progression is also described, along with possible models explaining the selection of a specific B cell receptor set during leukemogenesis.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Kumiko Matsui, Nicholas D. Pyenson
Summary: A Desmostylus tooth from the earliest Miocene (Aquitanian) Skooner Gulch Formation in northern California, USA is reported here. This specimen exhibits both primitive and diagnostic features different from other desmostylid genera, suggesting that Desmostylus has persisted with its distinctive tooth morphology largely unchanged for over 15 million years and possibly originated in western North America.
ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Zoology
Helder Gomes Rodrigues, Fabrice Lihoreau, Maeva Orliac, Jean-Renaud Boisserie
Summary: Teeth are important in phylogeny, with deciduous dentition potentially providing insights into evolutionary relationships. Studying deciduous dentition in cetartiodactyl taxa can help resolve debates within hippopotamoids. The use of deciduous dentition characters may shed light on the origins of dental homology.
ZOOLOGICAL JOURNAL OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY
(2021)
Review
Plant Sciences
Yue-Mei Zhang, Pengru Guo, Xinli Xia, Hongwei Guo, Zhonghai Li
Summary: Leaf senescence is a genetically regulated process influenced by internal and external factors. Recent advances have revealed multiple layers of regulation in leaf senescence, but some scientific questions remain unanswered.
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2021)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Hui Ying, Zhi-Qiang Li, Meng-Pan Li, Wen-Cai Liu
Summary: Osteosarcoma is a highly aggressive and metastatic malignant tumor, with the highest incidence among all malignant bone tumors and is one of the most common solid tumors in children and adolescents. Osteosarcoma tissues are often infiltrated with inflammatory cells, forming a complex immune microenvironment. The expression of immune checkpoint molecules is also high in osteosarcoma tissues, which may be involved in the mechanism of anti-tumor immune escape.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Plant Sciences
Peixin Huang, Zhonghai Li, Hongwei Guo
Summary: Leaf senescence is the final stage of leaf development controlled by a complex genetic network. Plant hormones and environmental stimuli play important roles in regulating leaf senescence, and recent research has shown the involvement of peptide hormones.
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Christian Foth, Shiying Wang, Frederik Spindler, Youhai Lin, Rui Yang
Summary: The study introduces a juvenile euornithine bird skeleton found in Liaoning, China, likely belonging to the basal euornithine Archaeorhynchus. The specimen is the smallest and youngest known individual of the genus, with incomplete ossification indicating its juvenile status. The statistical comparison of limb proportions reveals differences with Enantiornithes and suggests an early onset of flight ability in Archaeorhynchus, filling an ecological niche that later allowed early crown birds to survive the K-Pg mass extinction.
FRONTIERS IN EARTH SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Ecology
Britta S. Meyer, Maria Moiron, Calvinna Caswara, William Chow, Olivier Fedrigo, Giulio Formenti, Bettina Haase, Kerstin Howe, Jacquelyn Mountcastle, Marcela Uliano-Silva, Jonathan Wood, Erich D. Jarvis, Miriam Liedvogel, Sandra Bouwhuis
Summary: Senescence, an age-related decline in survival and/or reproductive performance, occurs in various species. We explored the age-specific changes in DNA methylation in common terns, a relatively long-lived migratory seabird species known to undergo senescence. Our findings showed a decrease in autosomal methylation levels with age in females, but not in males, and no evidence of selective appearance/disappearance of birds based on their methylation level. These results lay the foundation for further investigations on the functional consequences of methylation patterns and their relationship to the ageing phenotype.
FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
(2023)
Review
Cell Biology
Tesfahun Dessale Admasu, Michael Rae, Alexandra Stolzing
Summary: Cellular senescence is a stable cell cycle arrest state in response to stress or damage, which can limit the replication of old, damaged, and precancerous cells in the short term. Secondary senescence refers to the induction of non-senescent cells to undergo senescence by primary senescent cells, through paracrine and juxtacrine mechanisms.
AGEING RESEARCH REVIEWS
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Chloe Hogg, Kavita Panir, Priya Dhami, Matthew Rosser, Matthias Mack, Daniel Soong, Jeffrey W. Pollard, Stephen J. Jenkins, Andrew W. Horne, Erin Greaves
Summary: Macrophages play an important role in the pathophysiology of endometriosis, with lesion-resident macrophages derived from eutopic endometrial tissue, infiltrating large peritoneal macrophages, and monocytes. Continuous recruitment of monocytes and expansion of CCR2+ large peritoneal macrophages are triggered by endometriosis. Depletion of eutopic endometrial macrophages results in smaller lesions, while inhibiting monocyte recruitment reduces macrophage populations and increases lesion number. Reprogramming the ontogeny of peritoneal macrophages decreases lesion development. The study suggests a model where endometrial macrophages promote endometriosis while newly recruited monocyte-derived macrophages, possibly in large peritoneal macrophage form, have antiendometriotic effects.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Review
Biology
Thomas M. Cullen, Caleb M. Brown, Kentaro Chiba, Kirstin S. Brink, Peter J. Makovicky, David C. Evans
Summary: Osteohistological data are commonly used to study the life history of tetrapods, focusing on assessing ontogenetic stage and relative growth. While these methods have become a common component of taxonomic description of new fossil taxa, more consideration is needed for sources of variation and dimensional scaling relationships among different osteohistological measurements.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Terry A. Gates, David C. Evans, Joseph J. W. Sertich
Summary: For nearly 60 years, different species of Parasaurolophus have been primarily differentiated based on their crest shape rather than unique morphological characteristics of other cranial elements. Recent research suggests that Parasaurolophus cyrtocristatus may be closely related to Parasaurolophus tubicen, rather than to Parasaurolophus walkeri as previously thought. Additionally, the study of a new, partially preserved skull has provided new insights into the osteological make-up of the Parasaurolophus cranial crest and may help in further understanding ornamental crest evolution.
Article
Ecology
Lorenzo Lustri, Jonathan B. Antcliffe, Farid Saleh, Carolin Haug, Lukas Laibl, Russell J. Garwood, Joachim T. Haug, Allison C. Daley
Summary: This study compares the developmental patterns of Xiphosura with that of fossil clades of eurypterids and chasmataspidids, and examines the influence of the environment on the evolution of developmental patterns of euchelicerate. The results confirm that the developmental changes in Xiphosura throughout their evolutionary history are correlated with the exploitation of different environments. However, compared to other fossil clades, the changes observed in Xiphosura represent only a small portion of the total variability in euchelicerates.
FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
A. C. Seara Fernando, Tais H. Kasai-Brunswick, H. M. Nascimento Jose, Antonio C. Campos-de-Carvalho
Summary: Anthracyclines are effective chemotherapeutic drugs for cancer treatment, but they can cause cardiotoxicity. Accumulation of senescent cardiac cells is an emerging mechanism associated with anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity.
CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR LIFE SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Ecology
Morgan Churchill, Jonathan H. Geisler, Brian L. Beatty, Anjali Goswami
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Kumiko Matsui, Yuri Kimura, Mitsuhiro Nagata, Hiroaki Inose, Kazuya Ikeda, Brian Lee Beatty, Hideyuki Obayashi, Takafumi Hirata, Shigeru Otoh, Tatsuya Shinmura, Sachiko Agematsu, Katsuo Sashida
ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE
(2018)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Matthew C. Mihlbachler, Melissa Foy, Brian L. Beatty
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2019)
Article
Paleontology
Daryl P. Domning, Brian L. Beatty
JOURNAL OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY
(2019)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Robert W. Boessenecker, Morgan Churchill, Emily A. Buchholtz, Brian L. Beatty, Jonathan H. Geisler
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
J. B. Smaers, R. S. Rothman, D. R. Hudson, A. M. Balanoff, B. Beatty, D. K. N. Dechmann, D. de Vries, J. C. Dunn, J. G. Fleagle, C. C. Gilbert, A. Goswami, A. N. Iwaniuk, W. L. Jungers, M. Kerney, D. T. Ksepka, P. R. Manger, C. S. Mongle, F. J. Rohlf, N. A. Smith, C. Soligo, V Weisbecker, K. Safi
Summary: Research has found that shifts in allometric slope underpin major transitions in mammalian evolution, primarily characterized by marked changes in body size. The largest-brained mammals achieved large relative brain sizes through highly divergent paths. This prompts a reevaluation of the traditional paradigm of relative brain size and opens new opportunities to improve understanding of genetic and developmental mechanisms influencing brain size.
Article
Anatomy & Morphology
Christopher L. Hoehmann, Brian Lee Beatty
Summary: This study investigated the roughness of articular and entheseal surfaces of the knee using an optical profiler, finding Ssk parameter to be most useful in distinguishing between anterior and posterior cruciate ligament entheses. The findings suggest potential application of this method in further investigation of spondyloarthropathies.
ANATOMICAL RECORD-ADVANCES IN INTEGRATIVE ANATOMY AND EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Matthew C. C. Mihlbachler, Frances Rusnack, Brian Lee Beatty
Summary: Dental microwear is used to investigate the feeding ecology of animals. This study examined the effect of mineralogical abrasives on tooth wear using rats fed with food containing different types of abrasives. The results showed that the abrasives had an impact on microwear, with the type of diet influencing the extent of the effect. Different surface textures were produced, but knowledge of the properties of the food with abrasives was necessary to identify the abrasive agent.
ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Biology
Edwin Dickinson, Melody W. Young, David DeLeon, Burcak Bas, Bettina Zou, Aleksandra Ratkiewicz, Brian L. Beatty, Michael C. Granatosky
Summary: This study analyzed a large sample of tail feathers and found that tail-supported climbers have longer tail feathers, wider rachis base and tip, and larger cross-sectional area and maximum bending moment. However, there were no differences in the material properties of the keratin itself. These findings suggest that tail-supported arboreal climbing birds of different orders have independently adopted similar morphologies, and these morphological relationships are governed by similar functional constraints as seen in the long bones of mammalian limbs.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Robert W. Boessenecker, Brian L. Beatty, Jonathan H. Geisler
Summary: This article focuses on the study of a toothed mysticete called Coronodon havensteini and its fossils, which reveal the transition from tooth-bearing ancestors to toothless baleen-bearing eomysticetid whales. The study also describes two new species, Coronodon newtonorum and Coronodon planifrons, contributing to the understanding of toothed mysticetes.
Article
Anatomy & Morphology
KBrian Beatty, Krishna Putcha, Abhishek Shah, Kevin Li
Summary: Hyperostosis frontalis interna (HFI) is a condition characterized by irregular thickening of the frontal bone, predominantly seen in post-menopausal females and possibly hormonally driven. In males, HFI is associated with testicular atrophy, while in females, it is linked to ovarian pathologies with liver pathologies showing gender-specific patterns.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MORPHOLOGY
(2021)
Meeting Abstract
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sameer Ahmad Khan, Olga Savinova, Brian Lee Beatty
Meeting Abstract
Anatomy & Morphology
E. J. Coombs, M. Churchill, J. Geisler, B. Beatty, T. Park, A. Goswami
JOURNAL OF MORPHOLOGY
(2019)
Article
Evolutionary Biology
Morgan Churchill, Jacob Miguel, Brian L. Beatty, Anjali Goswami, Jonathan H. Geisler
BIOLOGICAL JOURNAL OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY
(2019)
Meeting Abstract
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Anton Mararenko, Ralph Bar-El, Maryann Assaf, Pranav Singla, Ian Kelly, Dorinamaria Carka, Jose Luis Millan, Brian L. Beatty, Olga Savinova