☆ 4.8 Article

An anisotropic photocatalytic agent elicits robust photoimmunotherapy through plasmonic catalysis-mediated tumor microenvironment modulation

NANO TODAY (2023)

Journal

NANO TODAY

Volume 50, Issue -, Pages -

Publisher

ELSEVIER SCI LTD

DOI: 10.1016/j.nantod.2023.101827

Keywords

Plasmonic catalysis; Tumor microenvironment; Immunogenic cell death; Tumor hypoxia relief; Photoimmunotherapy

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Abstract

Photoimmunotherapy is a promising approach for cancer treatment that kills tumor cells and induces antitumor immune responses. However, the hypoxic immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment limits immune response and compromises therapeutic outcomes. In this study, a plasmonic catalyst called GCNRs was developed for TME modulation by depositing semiconducting ceria nanosheets onto the ends of gold nanorods. The GCNRs induced ROS-mediated immunogenic cell death and hypoxia relief, leading to the infiltration of cytotoxic T cells and inhibition of tumor growth and metastasis. This study represents a promising strategy in phototherapy-based immuno-oncology.

Photoimmunotherapy, which not only directly kills tumor cells but also elicits antitumor immune responses by inducing immunogenic cell death (ICD), has emerged as a promising approach for cancer treatment. However, the hypoxic immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) with limited immune response immensely compromises the therapeutic outcomes. Herein, an end-deposited plasmonic catalyst (GCNRs) is developed by selectively depositing semiconducting ceria nanosheets onto the two ends of gold nanorods for plasmonic catalysis-mediated TME modulation. Specially, an efficient low-power near-infrared -trig-gered electron-hole spatial separation along the longitudinal axis of GCNRs occurs due to the end -de-position morphology. The generated hot electrons and hot holes separately participate in the reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and oxygen-evolution half-reaction, thereby modulating the im-munosuppressive TME via concurrent ROS-mediated ICD-induction and H2O2-independent hypoxia relief. Unprecedentedly, mere injection of GCNRs can induce significant infiltration of cytotoxic T cells into tumor tissues, significantly inhibiting the growth and metastasis of tumors. Our study represents a promising plasmonic catalysis-mediated TME modulation strategy in phototherapy-based immuno-oncology.(c) 2023 Published by Elsevier Ltd.

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Reinforcing the immunogenic cell death to enhance cancer immunotherapy efficacy

Sihui Yu, Hongyang Xiao, Li Ma, Jiawen Zhang, Jiarong Zhang

Summary: Immunogenic cell death (ICD) is a revolutionary modality in cancer treatment that can kill primary tumors and prevent recurrence. It involves the production of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) that can be recognized by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), leading to infiltration of effector T cells and enhancement of anti-tumor immune responses. Various treatment methods, such as chemo- and radio-therapy, phototherapy, and nanotechnology, can induce ICD and convert dead cancer cells into vaccines. However, the effectiveness of ICD-induced therapies is limited by low accumulation in tumor sites and damage to normal tissues. Novel materials and strategies are being developed to overcome these challenges.

BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-REVIEWS ON CANCER (2023)