Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Alberta Lucchese, Dario Di Stasio, Antonio Romano, Fausto Fiori, Guido Paolo De Felice, Carlo Lajolo, Rosario Serpico, Francesco Cecchetti, Massimo Petruzzi
Summary: This review evaluated the correlation between viral infections (HPV, EBV, HSV-1, CMV) other than HCV and oral lichen planus. The results showed inconclusive evidence regarding the involvement of these viruses in the etiopathogenesis of the disease. Further studies are needed to enhance the translation of research into clinical practice.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Review
Microbiology
Faraz Ahmad, Nikhil Deshmukh, Aaron Webel, Sandra Johnson, Ayman Suleiman, Rajiv R. Mohan, Frederick Fraunfelder, Pawan Kumar Singh
Summary: Glaucoma, one of the leading causes of irreversible blindness worldwide, is primarily considered a genetic and age-related disease. However, viral infections, such as uveitis and viral-induced anterior segment inflammation, can also lead to secondary or uveitic glaucoma. Despite limited understanding of the ocular manifestation and sequela of viral infections, studies have suggested a link between several viruses and the development of glaucoma. Recent research on emerging viral infections has further highlighted the association between an infectious trigger and the pathogenesis of glaucoma.
CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY REVIEWS
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Mauricio Lisker-Melman, Abdus S. Wahed, Marc G. Ghany, Raymond T. Chung, Wendy C. King, David E. Kleiner, Atul K. Bhan, Mandana Khalili, Mamta K. Jain, Mark Sulkowski, David K. Wong, Gavin Cloherty, Richard K. Sterling
Summary: In patients coinfected with HBV and HIV, HBV RNA and HBcrAg can still be detected despite viral suppression, and their levels are associated with the extent of HBsAg and HBcAg staining in liver cells. This suggests that residual transcription and translation may contribute to liver pathology even when viral replication is suppressed.
Article
Pediatrics
Fiona Pigny, Noemie Wagner, Marie Rohr, Aline Mamin, Pascal Cherpillod, Klara M. Posfay-Barbe, Laurent Kaiser, Isabella Eckerle, Arnaud G. L'Huillier
Summary: Despite partial lockdown measures, children infected with SARS-CoV-2 were more likely to have viral respiratory co-infections compared to adult household contacts. Our study also revealed that the circulation of common respiratory viruses was reduced during the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak period in comparison to the previous year.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS
(2021)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Vijay Singh, Pallavi Upadhyay, Jairus Reddy, John Granger
Summary: This study investigated bacterial and viral co-infections in COVID-19 patients and found a lower rate of viral co-infections overall, but significant levels of Staphylococcus aureus and Epstein-Barr virus co-infections in SARS-CoV-2-positive patients. The findings contribute to our understanding of the current pandemic and can assist clinicians in making better patient care decisions.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Qingqing Shao, Tong Liu, Wenjia Wang, Tianli Liu, Ximing Jin, Zhuo Chen
Summary: Emodin is a versatile anthraquinone derivative with various pharmacological effects including antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-fibrotic, and anticancer activities. Studies have shown that emodin can inhibit the infection and replication of numerous viruses both in vitro and in vivo, making it a potential candidate for antiviral therapy.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Y. Mandelia, G. W. Procop, S. S. Richter, S. Worley, W. Liu, F. Esper
Summary: This study evaluated the dynamics of respiratory viral co-infections in children and adults, finding that co-infections are more common in children, especially those under the age of 5. Specific pairings of viral pathogens occurred at altered rates compared to predictions, suggesting potential direct or indirect interactions between specific viruses.
CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTION
(2021)
Article
Virology
Hala Abdullatif, Anil Dhawan, Anita Verma
Summary: Infections after liver transplantation, especially viral infections, have a significant impact on graft function and overall outcome. The study reviewed the epidemiology and risk factors of EBV, CMV, and non-EBV non-CMV viral infections in pediatric liver transplant recipients. The majority of infections were viral in origin, with EBV viremia having the highest incidence. Older donor age, auxiliary graft, and bacterial infections were associated with EBV infection, while younger recipient age, D+R- CMV IgG, and left lateral segment graft were risk factors for CMV infection. Non-EBV and CMV viral infections did not contribute to increased complications or rejection, indicating the importance of identifying and managing these infections in pediatric LT recipients.
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Lea Fitoussi, Amandine Baptiste, Adam Mainguy, Anne-Sophie L'Honneur, Magdalena Bojanova, Agnes Dechartres, Flore Rozenberg, Bahram Bodaghi, Sara Touhami
Summary: This study retrospectively analyzed the clinical and virological characteristics of viral necrotizing retinitis (VNR) and assessed its prognostic factors. The results showed that factors such as age, immunocompetence, baseline visual acuity, and vitritis grade were associated with poor prognosis. New virological factors, including high baseline viral load and slow responder status, were also predictive of a poor outcome.
JOURNAL OF PERSONALIZED MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Virology
Dipen Desai, Rajkumar Londhe, Madhuri Chandane, Smita Kulkarni
Summary: It has been discovered that co-infection with Herpes Simplex Virus Type-2 (HSV-2) may influence the replication of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV-1). In cells co-infected with HSV-2, an increase in HIV-1 viral copy number has been observed, along with changes in gene expression. This suggests that HSV-2 infection may impact HIV-1 replication by altering the expression of specific genes.
Review
Infectious Diseases
Ana Banko, Danijela Miljanovic, Andja Cirkovic
Summary: This study conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of 36 publications, finding that the prevalence of active EBV, HHV6, HSV, CMV, HSV1, and VZV infection in COVID-19 patients was 41%, 3%, 28%, 25%, 22%, and 18%, respectively. The risk of active EBV infection in severe COVID-19 patients was 6 times higher than in non-COVID-19 controls. Prioritized research on co-infections of herpesviruses and SARS-CoV-2 is needed to determine who, when, and how to be tested, as well as how to effectively treat HHVs reactivations in acute and long COVID-19 patients.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Review
Immunology
Monica D. Reece, Colin Song, Sarah C. Hancock, Susan Pereira Ribeiro, Deanna A. Kulpa, Christina Gavegnano
Summary: BCL-2 family proteins and Jak 1/2 inhibitors are potential immunomodulators for the treatment and cure of HIV-1 and other viral infections. Venetoclax has shown anti-HIV-1 effects and reduction in reservoir size, while Jak 1/2 inhibitors like Ruxolitinib and baricitinib have been shown to decrease BCL-2 expression and decay the HIV-1 latent reservoir.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Xin Zhang, Axin Li, Ting Li, Zeren Shou, Yibin Li, Xinman Qiao, Ruijing Zhou, Xuelin Zhong, Songshan Li, Lin Li
Summary: HSV-2 is a common pathogen that causes genital herpes worldwide. The lack of an effective vaccine prompts the development of anti-HSV-2 agents. Q308, a small-molecule compound initially developed as an anti-HIV-1 agent, shows strong inhibitory activity against HSV-2 and acyclovir-resistant HSV-2 strains. It not only reduces viral titers in tissue but also ameliorates the cytokine storm and pathohistological changes caused by HSV-2 infection in mice, making it a promising lead compound for the development of new anti-HSV-2/HIV-1 therapies, especially against acyclovir-resistant strains.
BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY
(2023)
Article
Andrology
Shaian Tavakolian, Hossein Goudarzi, Nazarian Hamid, Pourya Raee, Sarah Niakan, Ebrahim Faghihloo
Summary: Viral infections, such as Papillomaviridae and Herpesviridae, can lead to infertility. HSV-1 and VZV were found in some semen samples, while HPV infection may be eliminated through sperm washing. Further investigation is needed due to the small sample size.
Article
Virology
Bashdar Mahmud Hussen, Majid Noori, Babak Sayad, Maryam Ebadi Fard Azar, Javid Sadri Nahand, Mobina Bayat, Farhad Babaei, Romina Karampour, Farah Bokharaei-Salim, Hamed Mirzaei, Mohsen Moghoofei, Hossein Bannazadeh Baghi
Summary: The study showed differential expression of miRNAs and cellular factors in ECs compared to other patient groups, with some miRNAs and cellular factors serving as potential biomarkers for discriminating ECs and other infected groups. There was also significant correlation between certain miRNAs and cellular factors/the viral load, indicating their role in viral replication control and immune response modulation.
Article
Immunology
Iolanda Jordan, Mariona Fernandez de Sevilla, Victoria Fumado, Quique Bassat, Elisenda Bonet-Carne, Claudia Fortuny, Aleix Garcia-Miquel, Cristina Jou, Cristina Adroher, Maria Mele Casas, Monica Girona-Alarcon, Maria Hernandez Garcia, Gemma Pons Tomas, Sara Ajanovic, Sara Arias, Nuria Balanza, Barbara Baro, Pere Millat-Martinez, Rosauro Varo, Sergio Alonso, Enric Alvarez-Lacalle, Daniel Lopez, Joana Claverol, Marta Cubells, Pedro Brotons, Anna Codina, Daniel Cuadras, Patricia Bruijning-Verhagen, Saul Faust, Alasdair Munro, Carmen Munoz-Almagro, Marti Catala, Clara Prats, Juan Jose Garcia-Garcia, Eduard Gratacos
Summary: The transmission rate of SARS-CoV-2 infection among children and adult staff in summer schools in Barcelona was lower than the general population, indicating that schools under strict preventive measures are unlikely to be significant sources of transmission.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Sergio Alonso, Marti Catala, Daniel Lopez, Enric Alvarez-Lacalle, Iolanda Jordan, Juan Jose Garcia-Garcia, Victoria Fumado, Carmen Munoz-Almagro, Eduard Gratacos, Nuria Balanza, Rosauro Varo, Pere Millat, Barbara Baro, Sara Ajanovic, Sara Arias, Joana Claverol, Mariona Fernandez de Sevilla, Elisenda Bonet-Carne, Aleix Garcia-Miquel, Ermengol Coma, Manuel Medina-Peralta, Francesc Fina, Clara Prats, Quique Bassat
Summary: The reopening of schools in Catalonia appeared to be safe and the preventive measures in place were effective in detecting and containing transmission. The risk of transmission within schools was found to be relatively low.
Review
Respiratory System
Bryan J. Vonasek, Kendra K. Radtke, Paula Vaz, W. Chris Buck, Chishala Chabala, Eric D. McCollum, Olivier Marcy, Elizabeth Fitzgerald, Alexander Kondwani, Anthony J. Garcia-Prats
Summary: This review emphasizes the importance of understanding the interplay between childhood tuberculosis and severe acute malnutrition (SAM) for improving child health. Further research is needed to better identify the connection between these two diseases and improve case finding and treatment strategies.
EXPERT REVIEW OF RESPIRATORY MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Elizabeth Quincer, Rebecca Philipsborn, Diane Morof, Navit T. Salzberg, Pio Vitorino, Sara Ajanovic, Dickens Onyango, Ikechukwu Ogbuanu, Nega Assefa, Samba O. Sow, Portia Mutevedzi, Shams El Arifeen, Beth A. Tippet Barr, J. Anthony G. Scott, Inacio Mandomando, Karen L. Kotloff, Amara Jambai, Victor Akelo, Carrie Jo Cain, Atique Iqbal Chowdhury, Tadesse Gure, Kitiezo Aggrey Igunza, Farzana Islam, Adama Mamby Keita, Lola Madrid, Sana Mahtab, Ashka Mehta, Paul K. Mitei, Constance Ntuli, Julius Ojulong, Afruna Rahman, Solomon Samura, Diakaridia Sidibe, Bukiwe Nana Thwala, Rosauro Varo, Shabir A. Madhi, Quique Bassat, Emily S. Gurley, Dianna M. Blau, Cynthia G. Whitney
Summary: This study evaluated the accuracy of determining stillbirths versus neonatal deaths and examined the evidence of resuscitation practices during delivery. The results showed that the final classification of stillbirths and neonatal deaths by the expert panel was generally consistent with the initial report. The findings suggest that increasing the use of resuscitation during delivery and improving documentation could help improve perinatal outcomes.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Pablo Rojo, Cinta Moraleda, Alfredo Tagarro, Sara Dominguez-Rodriguez, Lola Madrid Castillo, Luis Manuel Prieto Tato, Aranzazu Sancho Lopez, Lilit Manukyan, Olivier Marcy, Valeriane Leroy, Alessandra Nardone, David Burger, Quique Bassat, Matthew Bates, Raoul Moh, Pui-Ying Iroh Tam, Tisungane Mvalo, Justina Magallhaes, W. Chris Buck, Jahit Sacarlal, Victor Musiime, Chishala Chabala, Hilda Angela Mujuru
Summary: This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of empirical CMV and TB treatment in HIV-infected infants and explore the potential adverse effects of this treatment.
Article
Education & Educational Research
Dewi Ismajani Puradiredja, Linda Kintu-Sempa, Carola Eyber, Ralf Weigel, Bruno Broucker, Marie Lindkvist, Nuria Casamitjana, Rodney Reynolds, Hans-Friedemann Klinkel, Alberto Matteelli, Guenter Froeschl
Summary: This research examines how higher education institutions in the tropEd Network adapted their teaching and learning approaches in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The study found that while there was an initial focus on emergency online teaching to ensure short-term continuity, HEIs recognized the need for more fundamental reforms in global health education. The study also identified challenges and opportunities in terms of inclusivity, cross-border cooperation, and a global health approach.
BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION
(2022)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Dennis Kuppers, Michael Galatsch, Ralf Weigel
Summary: This study provides insights into Germany's academic global child health landscape by examining the actors, priorities, barriers, and opportunities. The findings suggest that while Germany's global child health experts are motivated and engaged, they face various obstacles in terms of leadership positions, career paths, funding opportunities, and institutional support that hinder their academic advancement.
GLOBAL HEALTH ACTION
(2022)
Article
Critical Care Medicine
M. Galatsch, H-J Lang, C. Noa, H. Raveloharimino, A. Robinson, N. Rabesandratana, L. Magera, R. Weigel, D. Kocher-Andrianarimanana
Summary: This study evaluates the match between the content of the pilot ETAT+ training and the clinical needs in Madagascar, as well as the achievement of learning objectives by the participants. The results suggest that the training meets the needs of the participants and is adapted to clinical realities, but considerable multi-disciplinary efforts are needed to advance ETAT+ implementation in Madagascar.
SOUTHERN AFRICAN JOURNAL OF CRITICAL CARE
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Harvie P. Portugaliza, H. Magloire Natama, Pieter Guetens, Eduard Rovira-Vallbona, Athanase M. Some, Aida Millogo, D. Florence Ouedraogo, Innocent Valea, Hermann Sorgho, Halidou Tinto, Nguyen Van Hong, Antonio Sitoe, Rosauro Varo, Quique Bassat, Alfred Cortes, Anna Rosanas-Urgell
Summary: The study found that in most infections from African cohorts, increased expression of pfap2-g and other sexual ring biomarkers was observed after treatment. The estimated parasite age at the time of treatment was negatively correlated with the increase in pfap2-g transcript levels, suggesting that younger parasites are less susceptible to stimulation of sexual conversion.
Article
Immunology
Tom G. Jacobs, Vivian Mumbiro, Moses Chitsamatanga, Natasha Namuziya, Alfeu Passanduca, Sara Dominguez-Rodriguez, Alfredo Tagarro, Kusum J. Nathoo, Bwendo Nduna, Alvaro Ballesteros, Lola Madrid, Hilda A. Mujuru, Chishala Chabala, W. Chris Buck, Pablo Rojo, David M. Burger, Cinta Moraleda, Angela Colbers
Summary: This study evaluated the pharmacokinetics of super-boosted lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r) in infants with HIV in sub-Saharan African countries. The results showed that giving rifampicin-based tuberculosis treatment to these infants resulted in subtherapeutic levels of LPV.
JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES
(2023)
Review
Immunology
Jennifer Hughes, James Nielsen, W. Chris Buck, Crimenia Mutemba, Anthony J. Garcia-Prats
PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Pediatrics
Martin Jakob Gerhardus, Susanne Klammer, Michael Galatsch, Ralf Weigel
Summary: This study investigates the usage and attitudes towards drinking fountains among students and teachers in two urban secondary schools. While students generally have a positive attitude towards the fountains and can distinguish healthy from unhealthy drinks, only 55.7% of students use the fountains regularly. Teachers' responses are similar to students'.
Article
Education, Scientific Disciplines
Farzana Yasmin, Andreas Schultz, Ajib Phiri, Ralf Weigel
Summary: The German Society of Tropical Paediatrics & International Child Health supported a three-year Bachelor of Science in Paediatrics and Child Health training program to improve child healthcare. The evaluation of the program showed that students had positive perceptions of the course content and teaching quality, improved their clinical and non-clinical skills, and developed self-efficacy and attitudes toward research. The program also provided them with a global perspective through international teachers and supervisors.
ADVANCES IN MEDICAL EDUCATION AND PRACTICE
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Denise Quincardete, Muhammad Sidat, Gurpreet Seehra, Kiran Mitha, Uneisse Cassia, Alfeu Passanduca, Stella Langa, Sonia Martins, Beatriz Elias, W. Chris Buck
Summary: Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has been shown to improve cognitive outcomes in older children living with HIV, and recent studies suggest that it may also be beneficial for infants with encephalopathy. Timely ART can halt disease progression and even lead to symptom resolution.
SAGE OPEN MEDICAL CASE REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Respiratory System
D. Graca, R. J. Elliott, M. Magalo, M. Muianga, A. C. Mussagi, M. Chongo, B. Elias, B. Simione, W. C. Buck
Summary: The study carried out a pilot program in Mozambique to improve HIV monitoring and evaluation in an inpatient ward. Using a simplified reporting system, key PITC indicators were calculated, including testing coverage, HIV status, and linkage to antiretroviral therapy.
PUBLIC HEALTH ACTION
(2022)
