Review
Immunology
Selina J. Keppler, Marie Christine Goess, Julia M. Heinze
Summary: Humoral immunity is mediated by ASC specialized in synthesizing antibodies, with over 80% residing in the gut and most expressing IgA. These antibodies play a crucial role in maintaining intestinal homeostasis and protective immunity, while also being involved in immune responses outside of mucosal tissues.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Yuan Zhang, Yi Zhao, Wanfu Yang, Guangming Song, Peizhe Zhong, Yuanyuan Ren, Geng Zhong
Summary: Deacetylated Konjac Glucomannan (DKGM) and Konjac Oligo-glucomannan (KOGM) have distinct structures and physicochemical properties compared to Konjac glucomannan (KGM), which affect microbial composition and outcomes. Structural alterations changed molecular chain aggregation and water binding ability, thus influencing susceptibility to enzymatic degradation. KOGM had higher abundances of Catenibacterium and Megasphaera compared to KGM and DKGM.
CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Po-Tsang Lee, Fernando Y. Yamamoto, Chen-Fei Low, Jiun-Yan Loh, Chou-Min Chong
Summary: The gastrointestinal immune system plays a crucial role in regulating the symbiotic host-microbiome interactions and maintaining immune homeostasis. Fish gastrointestinal immune system has specialized gut-associated lymphoid tissues that establish tolerance towards commensal gut microbiome while mounting immune responses against enteric pathogens. Understanding the intestinal immune system is essential for developing oral vaccines and immunostimulants in aquaculture.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Eugenia Rita Lauriano, Alessio Alesci, Marialuisa Aragona, Simona Pergolizzi, Anthea Miller, Kristina Zuwala, Michal Kuciel, Giacomo Zaccone, Antonino Germana, Maria Cristina Guerrera
Summary: This study characterizes the leukocytes present in the gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) of H. niloticus for the first time using confocal immuno-fluorescence techniques. The results show massive aggregates of immune cells in the submucosal thickness, forming oval-shaped structures similar to isolated lymphoid follicles found in birds and mammals. This expands our understanding of intestinal immunity in this fish.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Fisheries
S. Torrecillas, S. Rimoldi, D. Montero, A. Serradell, F. Acosta, R. Fontanillas, F. Allal, P. Haffray, A. Bajek, G. Terova
Summary: The study aimed to replace dietary fishmeal/fish oil without affecting European sea bass performance and health status. The study found that diet and genotype have a significant impact on the gut bacterial composition of sea bass, but without negative effects on their health and growth. Selectively bred sea bass had a more adaptable gut microbiota composition.
Review
Immunology
Olusegun O. Onabajo, Joseph J. Mattapallil
Summary: HIV and SIV infections lead to severe disruptions in the gut mucosal environment, causing breakdown of the epithelial barrier and allowing commensal microbes to breach the barrier and trigger disease progression. sIgA plays a crucial role in maintaining gut homeostasis, but HIV infection results in dysregulation of Tfh cell responses, affecting mucosal IgA generation and compromising barrier integrity.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Dyah Hesti Wardhani, Irsyadia Nindya Wardana, Hana Nikma Ulya, Andri Cahyo Kumoro, Nita Aryanti
Summary: The present research investigated the effect of viscosity of hydrolysed glucomannan on properties of encapsulated iron particles. The results showed that increasing viscosity improved encapsulation efficiency and particle diameter, while reducing moisture content and bulk density. Thicker encapsulants performed better in protecting iron but produced larger particles. The solubility and swelling of the particles were higher in neutral solution and the degree of iron degradation was around 70% after 10 months of storage.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Xiaoying Zou, Jie Deng, Ziyi Wang, Min Zhang, Yuanming Sun, Meiying Li
Summary: This study found that the hypolipidemic effects of KGM and Da-KGM are different and may be associated with gut microbiota and bile acids metabolism.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
(2022)
Review
Fisheries
S. Picchietti, A. Miccoli, A. M. Fausto
Summary: This review summarizes and discusses the trends and findings in scientific literature on the gut mucosa immune role in European sea bass, providing an updated overview on the gastrointestinal tract functional regionalization and defence barriers. The review also covers immune cells in two immunologically-relevant intestinal compartments, mucosal immunoglobulins, gut microbiota, dietary manipulation impacts, and oral vaccination strategies for sea bass vaccine delivery.
FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Sebastien Holvoet, Sophie Nutten, Lenaick Dupuis, Dominique Donnicola, Tristan Bourdeau, Betsy Hughes-Formella, Dagmar Simon, Hans-Uwe Simon, Ryan S. Carvalho, Jonathan M. Spergel, Sibylle Koletzko, Carine Blanchard
Summary: This study demonstrates that oral supplementation with specific partially hydrolysed whey-based infant formulas can improve skin barrier function and reduce the risk of atopic dermatitis in infants. The formula was shown to decrease transepidermal water loss and total IgE levels, indicating a potential mechanism for reducing AD risk. Further human studies are needed to confirm the clinical efficacy of these findings.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Yao Li, Ting Gong, Hongjia Lu, Senquan Ma, Xiong Liu
Summary: Depolymerized konjac glucomannan (KGM) prepared through oxidation and enzymehydrolysis showed better health benefits than natural KGM. The differences in chemical structure between the oxidized KGM (OKGM) and enzymehydrolyzed KGM (EKGM) influenced their fermentability and gut microbiota modulation. OKGM groups exhibited lower reducing sugar concentrations, higher residual carbohydrate contents, and higher production of acetic and propionic acids, while EKGM groups showed higher production of butyric acids. The relative abundances of certain bacteria species also differed between OKGM and EKGM groups.
FOOD HYDROCOLLOIDS
(2023)
Article
Rheumatology
Edda Russo, Silvia Bellando-Randone, Davide Carboni, Bianca Saveria Fioretto, Eloisa Romano, Simone Baldi, Khadija El Aoufy, Matteo Ramazzotti, Irene Rosa, Gemma Lepri, Leandro Di Gloria, Marco Pallecchi, Cosimo Bruni, Daniela Melchiorre, Serena Guiducci, Mirko Manetti, Gian Luca Bartolucci, Marco Matucci-Cerinic, Amedeo Amedei
Summary: This study characterized the microbiota in SSc patients and found different microbiota profiles and FFA profiles between ACA+ and anti-Scl70+ groups. The cutaneous Sphingobacteria and faecal Lentisphaerae were interdependent in ACA+ patients. The findings suggest a potential role of the microbiota and FFAs in the pathogenesis of SSc.
Article
Immunology
Zongxin Ling, Yiwen Cheng, Jie Gao, Wenhui Lei, Xiumei Yan, Xiaogang Hu, Li Shao, Xia Liu, Runfang Kang
Summary: This study aimed to investigate whether the fecal and vaginal microbiomes are disrupted in SLE patients and whether they are correlated, as well as their associations with immunological features. The results showed that although both the intestinal and vaginal microbiomes of SLE patients were altered, the changes in the vaginal microbiome were more pronounced and were associated with the patients' immunological features.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Na Li, Shengnan Liang, Qingxue Chen, Lina Zhao, Bailiang Li, Guicheng Huo
Summary: There are significant differences in gut microbiota and metabolite composition between vaginally delivered infants and cesarean section delivered infants. Vaginally delivered infants have higher abundance of Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, and Bacteroides, while cesarean section delivered infants show enrichment in Klebsiella. The metabolomics data also indicate distinct metabolite profiles between the two delivery modes.
JOURNAL OF PROTEOMICS
(2021)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Asa M. Gore, Ebenezer Satyaraj, Jeff Labuda, Robyn Engler, Peichuan Sun, Wendell Kerr, Lisa Conboy-Schmidt
Summary: The study found that supplementing growing kittens with BC can enhance the immune system and improve the stability of gut microbiota.
FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2021)
