Impact of Diastolic Function Parameters on the Risk for Left Atrial Appendage Thrombus in Patients with Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation: A Prospective Study

Background: In patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF), the impact of left ventricular diastolic function on the risk for left atrial appendage (LAA) thrombus has not been prospectively studied. Methods: At two academic medical centers, patients with NVAF were prospectively enrolled to undergo investigational transthoracic echocardiography immediately before clinically indicated transesophageal echocardiography. Mitral inflow E velocity and tissue Doppler septal and lateral mitral annulus velocities (e') were measured, and E/e' ratios were calculated. Results: Among 266 subjects (mean age, 65 years; 32% women), 17 (6.4%) hadLAAthrombus. Patients with LAA thrombus had a higher mean CHA(2)DS(2)-VASc score (4.6 +/- 1.7 vs 3.0 +/- 1.8, P < .001), a higher mean lateral E/e' ratio (19.4 +/- 10.1 vs 10.2 +/- 5.6, P < .001), and a lower mean lateral e' velocity (7.0 +/- 3.2 vs 10.4 +/- 3.7 cm/sec, P = .001). There was a good discriminative capacity for E/e' (area under the curve, 0.83; P < .001) and e' velocity (area under the curve, 0.76; P = .001). None of the patients with normal E/e' ratios or normal e' velocities had LAA thrombus. Both E/e' (odds ratio, 1.13 per point; 95% CI, 1.06-1.20; P < .001) and e' velocity (odds ratio, 0.76 per 1 cm/sec; 95% CI, 0.63-0.92; P = .005) provided independent and incremental predictive value beyond the CHA(2)DS(2)-VASc score; however, E/e' provided greater incremental value than e' velocity (P = .036). Analyses using septal and averaged E/e' and septal e' velocity yielded similar results. Diastolic function parameterswere also associated with the presence and intensity of left atrial spontaneous echo contrast, a precursor of LAA thrombus. Conclusions: This prospective and concomitant evaluation of diastolic function and LAA thrombus in patients with NVAF demonstrates that E/e' ratio and e' velocity are associated with LAA thrombus, independent of CHA(2)DS(2)-VASc score, and may play a role in identifying patients at low risk for LAA thrombus. These data suggest that diastolic function assessment may improve stroke prediction in patients with NVAF.