Thyronamine induces TRPM8 channel activation in human conjunctival epithelial cells

3-Iodothyronamine (TAM), an endogenous thyroid hormone (TH) metabolite, induces numerous responses including a spontaneously reversible body temperature decline. As such an effect is associated in the eye with increases in basal tear flow and thermosensitive transient receptor potential melastatin 8 (TRPM8) channel activation, we determined in human conjunctival epithelial cells (IOBA-NHC) if T(1)AM also acts as a cooling agent to directly affect TRPM8 activation at a constant temperature. RT-PCR and quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) along with immunocytochemistry probed for TRPM8 gene and protein expression whereas functional activity was evaluated by comparing the effects of TAM with those of TRPM8 mediators on intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2(+)]) and whole-cell currents. TRPM8 gene and protein expression was evident and icilin (20 mu M), a TRPM8 agonist, increased Ca2+ influx as well as whole-cell currents whereas BCTC (10 mu M), a TRPM8 antagonist, suppressed these effects. Similarly, either temperature lowering below 23 degrees C or T(1)AM (1 mu M) induced Ca2+ transients that were blocked by this antagonist. TRPM8 activation by both 1 mu MT(1)AM and 20 mu M icilin prevented capsaicin (CAP) (20 mu M) from inducing increases in Ca2+ influx through TRP vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) activation, whereas BCTC did not block this response. CAP (20 mu M) induced a 2.5-fold increase in IL-6 release whereas during exposure to 20 mu M capsazepine this rise was completely blocked. Similarly, TIAM (1 mu M) prevented this response. Taken together, TAM like icilin is a cooling agent since they both directly elicit TRPM8 activation at a constant temperature. Moreover, there is an inverse association between changes in TRPM8 and TRPV1 activity since these cooling agents blocked both CAP-induced TRPV1 activation and downstream rises in IL-6 release. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.