Journal
CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR LIFE SCIENCES
Volume 72, Issue 23, Pages 4561-4575Publisher
SPRINGER BASEL AG
DOI: 10.1007/s00018-015-2021-0
Keywords
Endothelial nitric oxide synthase; Nitric oxide; Endothelium; Microcirculation
Categories
Funding
- National Institutes of Health [HL088554, HL107963, HL007284]
- American Heart Association
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [81072063]
- China Scholarship Council [201408210085]
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Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS, NOS3) is responsible for producing nitric oxide (NO)-a key molecule that can directly (or indirectly) act as a vasodilator and anti-inflammatory mediator. In this review, we examine the structural effects of regulation of the eNOS enzyme, including post-translational modifications and subcellular localization. After production, NO diffuses to surrounding cells with a variety of effects. We focus on the physiological role of NO and NO-derived molecules, including microvascular effects on vessel tone and immune response. Regulation of eNOS and NO action is complicated; we address endogenous and exogenous mechanisms of NO regulation with a discussion of pharmacological agents used in clinical and laboratory settings and a proposed role for eNOS in circulating red blood cells.
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