Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Lisa Scharrer, Rainer Bromme, Marc Stadtler
Summary: The research indicates that non-experts' evaluation of scientific claims is influenced by the ease of text comprehension and their own beliefs, with text ease only affecting their judgments when the claims are in line with their beliefs. Both text difficulty and belief inconsistency serve as reminders of non-experts' limitations.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Chaosheng Zhu, Fuyuan Xiao, Zehong Cao
Summary: This paper introduces a new belief Renyi divergence measurement to quantify the differences between BPAs, addressing the flaw of D-S evidence theory in handling highly conflicting evidence.
INFORMATION SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ava Irysa Kikut
Summary: Increasing child vaccination rates is crucial to combating the spread of COVID-19. Parent vaccine hesitancy can be influenced by distrust in expert sources and concerns about vaccine safety and efficacy. This study examines the effectiveness of trust-building and evidence-based recommendation messages in promoting child COVID-19 vaccine acceptance among parents.
Article
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Pawel Kowalski, Maximilian Zocholl, Anne-Laure Jousselme
Summary: This paper emphasizes the importance of explanation abilities in data-driven models, especially in complex problems. The proposed solution is an evidential network with explanation abilities for threat detection, combining feature relevance, natural language explanations, and visual support, extending sensitivity analysis method to multi-source models. Challenges for future work are also addressed.
INFORMATION FUSION
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Carolina A. Gattei, Luis A. Paris, Diego E. Shalom
Summary: Word order alternation is considered a crucial cue for argument interpretation, with non-canonical word order causing greater difficulty in sentence comprehension. The study provides further evidence on the importance of information structure in sentence comprehension, highlighting the impact of prominence computation on argument interpretation.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Arturo Curiel, Claudio Gutierrez-Soto, Jose-Rafael Rojano-Caceres
Summary: An online multi-document summarization algorithm for text readability is proposed to simplify web search. The algorithm eliminates the need for preliminary training and showed promising results in English and Spanish language documents.
COMPUTER SPEECH AND LANGUAGE
(2021)
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Monika Tschense, Sebastian Wallot
Summary: This study investigated the different levels of representation and measurement of comprehension in reading. Through confirmatory factor analysis, a multi-dimensional construct was found to better explain text comprehension, providing concrete guidance for the preparation of comprehension measurements.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Experimental
Murray Singer, Jackie Spear, Maria Rodrigo-Tamarit
Summary: This study examines whether readers are consciously aware of the text discrepancies diagnosed by the consistency effect. The results suggest that readers do not reliably become aware of these discrepancies, but passive validation allows for the detection of text inconsistencies that do not reach the level of readers' conscious awareness.
MEMORY & COGNITION
(2023)
Article
Psychology
Nikita A. Salovich, David N. Rapp
Summary: The study revealed that most people lack awareness of their susceptibility to inaccurate information, often inaccurately estimating their resistance level. However, engaging in metacognitive reflection can effectively reduce the influence of inaccuracies.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY-LEARNING MEMORY AND COGNITION
(2021)
Article
Psychology, Mathematical
Lena Hildenbrand, David Sarmento, Thomas D. Griffin, Jennifer Wiley
Summary: Research has shown that many learners struggle to accurately assess their comprehension of texts, and one possible explanation for this is the high conceptual overlap between topics. Experimental studies were conducted to test this hypothesis, and the results confirmed that text similarity is an important factor impacting comprehension monitoring accuracy.
PSYCHONOMIC BULLETIN & REVIEW
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Yung-Sheng Chang, Yan Zhang, Jacek Gwizdka
Summary: The quality of online health information varies and overall is concerning. Through a lab-based experiment, it was found that content-related indicators and criteria were used the most in credibility evaluation across different information sources. Participants used source indicators more often when evaluating government websites and used design criteria more often when evaluating commercial websites.
COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR
(2021)
Article
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Marco Garapa, Eduardo Ferme, Mauricio D. L. Reis
Summary: In this paper, the relation between shielded base contraction postulates and credibility-limited base revision postulates is investigated. The paper identifies the relation between the postulates satisfied by a shielded base contraction operator and the postulates satisfied by the credibility-limited base revision operator defined from it using consistency-preserving Levi identity. It also establishes a one-to-one correspondence between the classes of shielded base contractions and credibility-limited base revisions using the consistency-preserving Levi identity and the Harper identity.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
(2023)
Article
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
Costanza Ruffini, Christian Tarchi, Chiara Pecini
Summary: The scientific literature supports the hypothesis that students' performances are disadvantaged when learning tasks are conducted in digital mode compared to paper mode. This study aimed to investigate the differences in performances between paper and digital modalities in text reading and writing among primary grade students, and analyze the predictive role of Executive Functions (EF) in both modes. The results showed no performance differences at the group level, but low performers benefited more from the digital mode, while high performers showed the opposite pattern. Working memory and cognitive flexibility were found to explain the differences in text comprehension and writing skills between the two modes. These findings highlight the importance of EF in reading and writing in both paper and digital modes in primary school.
COMPUTERS & EDUCATION
(2023)
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Yi-Chen Lee, Bo-Chun Shen, Choon Ling Sia
Summary: This study explores how the quality and credibility of information on healthcare websites can be enhanced through the simultaneous delivery of multiple information sources. It introduces a new experimental Web API called Portals for information integration. Accessing multiple information sources is crucial due to the prevalence of incorrect and misleading online health information. The research findings highlight the value of reliably integrating health content from multiple sources and provide insights on behavioral differences when encountering consistent or inconsistent information. The implications of the findings for higher-quality healthcare website access are discussed.
JOURNAL OF DATABASE MANAGEMENT
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Experimental
Gaston Saux, Nicolas Vibert, Julien Dampure, Debora Burin, M. Anne Britt, Jean-Francois Rouet
Summary: The study found that readers tend to pay more attention and have better memory retention for inconsistent statements from multiple sources. Inconsistent statements enhance memory and attention for the source characters, as well as strengthen the connection between the two source characters.
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
David J. Franz, Wolfgang Lenhard, Peter Marx, Tobias Richter
Summary: This study examines the negative effects of diagnostic labels on teacher evaluations of students and finds that different labels have different impacts on academic expectations. Additionally, the study explores the cognitive mechanisms driving label effects and implements a short intervention to counteract the negative effects of labels.
CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Education & Educational Research
Sven Greving, Wolfgang Lenhard, Tobias Richter
Summary: Retrieval practice through multiple-choice testing has a positive effect on students' ability to retrieve easily accessible information from memory in a university psychology course, even without feedback.
TEACHING OF PSYCHOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Communication
Julia R. Winkler, Markus Appel, Marie-Luise C. R. Schmidt, Tobias Richter
Summary: Recent theory suggests that emotional shifts are characteristic of immersed story processing and precursors of narrative impact. Two experiments and a pilot study found a positive association between transportation and the number and intensity of emotional shifts, particularly with affective-level attitudes.
Article
Psychology, Developmental
Daniel Schulz, Tobias Richter, Julia Schindler, Wolfgang Lenhard, Madlen Mangold
Summary: This study examined the diagnostic value of using response accuracy and latency in a simple inhibitory control test for kindergarten children. The results showed that response accuracy and latency were reliable predictors of item difficulties and time intensities, and they enhanced the prediction of fluid intelligence.
JOURNAL OF COGNITION AND DEVELOPMENT
(2023)
Article
Education & Educational Research
Marina Klimovich, Simon P. Tiffin-Richards, Tobias Richter
Summary: This study examined the effects of a commercial speed-reading training app on reading performance in German-speaking undergraduates. The results showed an increase in reading speed, although not to the extent claimed by the app, and there were no significant changes in comprehension.
JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN READING
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Julia Glaser, Tobias Richter
Summary: The benefits of practice testing for long-term learning have been established, but little is known about the learner characteristics that might moderate its effectiveness. This study explored whether the effects of practice testing in a university lecture would depend on cognitive, motivational, or emotional dispositions. The results showed that practice testing improved retention of learning contents, regardless of individual learning prerequisites.
PSYCHOLOGY LEARNING AND TEACHING-PLAT
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Andreas G. Wertgen, Tobias Richter
Summary: The study introduces a valuable set of general knowledge questions that can be used as a research tool in various areas of cognitive research. The authors translated, updated, and expanded the questions for German, and present data on recall probability, metacognitive measures, response latencies, correlations, and common errors. These questions can be used in studies with German speaking participants in memory, illusory truth, misinformation, and metacognitive research.
Article
Psychology, Experimental
Panagiotis Karageorgos, Sebastian Wallot, Bettina Mueller, Julia Schindler, Tobias Richter
Summary: This study aimed to differentiate struggling and skilled German readers in Grades 2 and 4 by examining prosodic patterns in oral reading using Recurrence Quan-tification Analysis (RQA). The findings indicated that struggling second graders showed slower reading rate, longer intervals between pauses, and more repetitions of recurrent amplitudes and pauses. Struggling fourth graders, on the other hand, exhibited less stable pause patterns over time, more pitch repetitions, more similar amplitude patterns over time, and more repetitions of pauses. Additionally, models with prosodic patterns outperformed models with prosodic features.
Article
Psychology, Educational
Julia Schindler, Tobias Richter
Summary: Efficient learning can be achieved when learners actively generate text content rather than passively receive it. A meta-analysis shows that generation interventions significantly improve learning compared to reading (Hedges' g = .41). This benefit is independent of time-on-task and can be observed in various learning conditions and settings. The analysis further suggests that the effectiveness of text generation in learning is maximized when it complements the cognitive processes stimulated by the text. Overall, the findings support the suitability of text generation for educational applications under certain conditions.
EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY REVIEW
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Educational
David J. Franz, Tobias Richter, Wolfgang Lenhard, Peter Marx, Roland Stein, Christoph Ratz
Summary: Research found that children with different disorders may be evaluated differently due to the presence of a diagnostic label. A meta-analysis of experimental studies examined the label effects and potential moderators. It was found that labeling a child can worsen academic, behavioral, personality, and overall evaluations of the child.
EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY REVIEW
(2023)
Article
Education & Educational Research
Hannes Muenchow, Simon P. P. Tiffin-Richards, Lorena Fleischmann, Stephanie Pieschl, Tobias Richter
Summary: The study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of two training interventions in improving university students' comprehension and evaluation skills of informal arguments. The results showed that voluntary online training interventions can effectively enhance various aspects of scientific literacy. However, the study also found an interference effect between the training interventions, suggesting difficulties in integrating the different aspects of scientific literacy targeted in the interventions.
ZEITSCHRIFT FUR ERZIEHUNGSWISSENSCHAFT
(2023)
Article
Education & Educational Research
Catharina Tibken, Tobias Richter, Wienke Wannagat
Summary: The present study extends previous results on the role of basic cognitive abilities for explaining differences between age groups in metacognitive comprehension monitoring in younger compared to older adults.
SCIENTIFIC STUDIES OF READING
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Educational
Marie-Luise C. R. Schmidt, Julia R. Winkler, Markus Appel, Tobias Richter
Summary: Emotional shifts in stories can enhance engagement with the story and contribute to narrative persuasion. The persuasive effect of the story may depend on the congruency between the audience's emotional experience and the emotions implied by the story.
DISCOURSE PROCESSES
(2023)
