Development of hydrocarbon biofuel from sunflower seed and sunflower meat oils over ZSM-5

Individually, sunflower oil produced from inedible sunflower seeds with hulls and sunflower meats without hulls were catalytically cracked over the ZSM-5 catalyst in a fixed-bed reactor at three reaction temperatures (450 degrees C, 500 degrees C, and 550 degrees C). Characterizations of hydrocarbon biofuel, distillation residual, and non-condensable gas were carried out. The reaction temperature on the hydrocarbon biofuel yield and quality from sunflower seed oil and sunflower meat oil were discussed and compared. In addition, a preliminary cost analysis of the sunflower seed dehulling was carried out. The results showed that the highest hydrocarbon biofuel yield was obtained from upgrading sunflower meat oil at 500 degrees C. The highest meat hydrocarbon biofuel yield was 8.5% higher than the highest seed hydrocarbon biofuel yield. The reaction temperature had a significant effect on the distribution of non-condensable gas components. Furthermore, the reaction temperature affected the yield and properties of hydrocarbon biofuel. The unit cost of producing sunflower meat oil was lower than that of producing sunflower seed oil. Comprehensively, sunflower meat could be a more economical feedstock than sunflower seed to produce hydrocarbon biofuel. (C) 2016 AIP Publishing LLC.