Do people with multiple sclerosis perceive upper limb improvements from robotic-mediated therapy? A mixed methods study*

Background: Robot-mediated training is increasingly considered as a rehabilitation intervention targeting upper limb disability. However, experiences of such an intervention have been rarely explored in the multiple sclerosis population. This mixed methods study sought to explore the impact of an eight week upper limb robotic intervention on experiences of people with multiple sclerosis.Methods: Eleven participants (Median EDSS-score: 6.5) with moderate to severe upper limb impairment, per -formed eight week robot-mediated training of the most affected arm. The training involved a virtual learning platform called I-TRAVLE with duration of 30 min per training session, twice to three times per week. Two subjective questionnaires with items from the Intrinsic Motivation Inventory (IMI) and Credibility and Expec-tancy Questionnaire (CEQ) were collected bi-weekly during the intervention. Approximately one month after completing the training, three focus groups were conducted. Main themes were identified using thematic analysis. Results: Results from the IMI and CEQ indicated high patient satisfaction and expectation that the intervention will be beneficial for them. Two main themes were identified: (1) Effect of the intervention on impairment and activity in that participants felt that there was a positive impact of the training on strength, endurance and during activities of daily living and that it met their expectations; (2) Experiences based on system usage from the system in that participants expressed feelings of motivation and self-improvement. The participants also perceived the training as enjoyable and concluded that the use of games instigated a competitive spirit between the participants.Conclusions: Robot-mediated training could have a motivating effect and induce a general positive experience while reducing disabilities of people with multiple sclerosis.

Automated summary

This study explored the impact of robot-mediated upper limb training on the experiences of individuals with multiple sclerosis. The findings suggest that the participants had high satisfaction and expectation of the training. The training had a positive impact on their impairments, activities of daily living, and motivation.