Article
Peripheral Vascular Disease
Reham H. Soliman, Chunhua Jin, Crystal M. Taylor, Emile Moura Coelho da Silva, David M. Pollock
Summary: This study found that diet-induced obesity impairs renal handling of an acute salt load in male rats, leading to reduced natriuretic response and lower renal endothelin function. Female rats, on the other hand, were not salt sensitive and did not show changes in renal endothelin excretion. Obesity in males also resulted in higher blood pressure, which was further exacerbated by high salt intake.
Review
Physiology
Jessica R. Ivy, Matthew A. Bailey
Summary: Blood pressure follows a daily rhythm, dipping during nocturnal sleep, and attenuation of this dip is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Renal control of sodium homeostasis is crucial for long-term blood pressure control, as sodium reabsorption and excretion involve predictive/circadian as well as reactive adaptations. These rhythms may contribute to blood pressure rhythm in health and disease.
Article
Peripheral Vascular Disease
Maria Korogiannou, Pantelis Sarafidis, Marieta P. Theodorakopoulou, Maria Eleni Alexandrou, Efstathios Xagas, Antonis Argyris, Athanase Protogerou, Charles J. Ferro, Ioannis N. Boletis, Smaragdi Marinaki
Summary: Blood pressure control in male and female kidney transplant recipients is similar according to office criteria, but significantly different according to ambulatory blood pressure monitoring criteria. Worse ambulatory blood pressure control in males may interfere with renal and cardiovascular outcomes.
JOURNAL OF HYPERTENSION
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Joshua M. Bock, Ian M. Greenlund, Virend K. Somers, Sarah E. Baker
Summary: Patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) have a higher risk of developing cardiovascular diseases, especially hypertension. However, potential sex differences in the sympathetic regulation of blood pressure in this population have not been investigated. This review aims to discuss the literature linking sympathetic nerve activity to hypertension in OSA, highlight recent experimental data supporting the hypothesis of sex differences in the regulation of sympathetic nerve activity in OSA, and explore potential sex differences in peripheral adrenergic signaling that may contribute to or offset cardiovascular risk in OSA patients.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Peripheral Vascular Disease
Qi-Fang Huang, Yi-Bang Cheng, Qian-Hui Guo, Chang-Yuan Liu, Yuan-Yuan Kang, Chang-Sheng Sheng, Yan Li, Ji-Guang Wang
Summary: AGEs may lead to hypertension by enhancing proximal sodium handling and on low dietary sodium intake.
HYPERTENSION RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Soha Sohail, Gabriella Akkawi, Taylor Rechter, Maurice B. Fluitt, Carolyn M. Ecelbarger
Summary: Insulin receptor (InsR) signaling in renal tubules shows sex differences, with distinct effects on sodium reabsorption and gluconeogenesis. Knocking out InsR in adult male and female mice resulted in reduced kidney weight and altered renal cellular structures. Protein levels related to sodium channels and transporters were downregulated in both sexes, but with different patterns. Glucose clearance and blood glucose levels were faster and lower in knockout mice, but only male knockout mice showed enhanced renal gluconeogenesis. These findings highlight the importance of intact renal tubular InsR signaling in metabolic disorders like type 2 diabetes and obesity.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Letter
Medicine, General & Internal
Bailong Hu, Wei Li, Haiyan Zhou
Summary: This article discusses the association between salt intake and blood pressure, and provides a detailed explanation of the mechanisms by which salt raises blood pressure. In addition to the known factors, genetic variations may also play a pivotal role in the association between blood pressure and sodium intake.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2022)
Editorial Material
Medicine, General & Internal
Julie R. Ingelfinger
Summary: Opinions about the effects of sodium intake on blood pressure and stroke risk have been varied over the years, but data shows that high sodium intake is associated with increased risks of cardiovascular disease, stroke, and death. Reducing sodium intake while increasing potassium intake can lower blood pressure levels and decrease morbidity.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Xin Chen, Fuxing Hao, Meng Zhang, Jinzha Xiao, Weiya Zhao, Zeting Zhao, Yumei Zhang
Summary: Na-DHA, a fungicide used in various products, was found to inhibit VKOR proteins in rats, leading to coagulation abnormalities. Female rats showed higher metabolism of Na-DHA and higher blood concentration, resulting in increased coagulation sensitivity compared to male rats.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Peripheral Vascular Disease
Han Ma, Fangchao Liu, Jianxin Li, Jichun Chen, Jie Cao, Shufeng Chen, Xiaoqing Liu, Xueli Yang, Keyong Huang, Chong Shen, Ling Yu, Yingxin Zhao, Xianping Wu, Liancheng Zhao, Ying Li, Dongsheng Hu, Jianfeng Huang, Xiangfeng Lu, Dongfeng Gu
Summary: Based on a study conducted in China, the association between socioeconomic status (SES) and hypertension remains uncertain. Individuals with lower SES are at a higher risk of developing hypertension compared to those with higher SES. Moreover, women are more susceptible to the adverse effects of lower SES on hypertension.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Hiromi Kohori Segawa, Hironori Uematsu, Nidup Dorji, Ugyen Wangdi, Chencho Dorjee, Pemba Yangchen, Susumu Kunisawa, Ryota Sakamoto, Yuichi Imanaka
Summary: The study revealed that vulnerability to hypertension in the Kingdom of Bhutan is influenced by sociocultural factors, with women, married individuals, those who are separated, divorced, or widowed, and speakers of the Tshanglakha and Lhotshamkha languages being more susceptible. Therefore, targeted preventive strategies should be implemented for these high-risk groups to reduce cardiovascular disease in Bhutan.
Article
Peripheral Vascular Disease
Hiroyuki Takase, Naomi Kawakatsu, Kazusa Hayashi, Fumihiko Kin, Takeru Isogaki, Yasuaki Dohi
Summary: The study found a significant association between urinary Na/K ratio and the development of chronic kidney disease in the general Japanese population, especially after adjusting for important factors.
HYPERTENSION RESEARCH
(2023)
Review
Peripheral Vascular Disease
Xiaohan Lu, Steven D. Crowley
Summary: Dr Lewis Dahl's observations on renal mechanisms of hypertension are still relevant, as recent experiments show that immune system dysfunction contributes to hypertension. Inflammatory cytokines and reactive oxygen species can alter kidney functions and lead to sustained hypertension. Targeting immune-mediated mechanisms while considering the kidney's importance in blood pressure regulation poses a challenge.
Review
Peripheral Vascular Disease
Sheon Mary, Philipp Boder, Sandosh Padmanabhan, Martin W. McBride, Delyth Graham, Christian Delles, Anna F. Dominiczak
Summary: The exclusive expression of uromodulin in the kidneys has made it an intriguing protein in kidney and cardiovascular research. Variants of uromodulin are associated with chronic kidney diseases and hypertension. Urinary and circulating uromodulin levels reflect kidney and cardiovascular health and overall mortality. Genetically driven levels of uromodulin have been shown to have a causal and adverse effect on kidney function. Uromodulin is involved in salt reabsorption and plays a significant role in the pathophysiology of hypertension. This review provides an overview of the multifaceted physiology and pathophysiology of uromodulin, including recent advances in its genetics, cellular trafficking, and mechanistic and clinical studies.
Article
Peripheral Vascular Disease
Sarah J. Khaddage, Julie A. Patterson, Lana J. Sargent, Elvin T. Price, Dave L. Dixon
Summary: This study found age and sex differences in tolerability of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, which should be considered to ensure patient acceptance and tolerability of the monitoring.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HYPERTENSION
(2021)