Article
Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine
Ilham Mounssif, Valentina Bentivogli, Alexandra Rendon, Davide B. Gissi, Francesco Maiani, Claudio Mazzotti, Monica Mele, Matteo Sangiorgi, Giovanni Zucchelli, Martina Stefanini
Summary: The present study aimed to investigate the impact of different periodontal surgical treatments on the quality of life and postoperative morbidity. The results revealed that periodontal surgical procedures have a low impact on patients' quality of life and a limited duration of postoperative discomfort as well as the incidence of complications.
CLINICAL ORAL INVESTIGATIONS
(2023)
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Zakary Ismail Warsop, Carlo Alberto Manzo, Natalie Yu, Bilal Yusuf, Christos Kontovounisios, Valerio Celentano
Summary: This study aims to summarize the frequency, type, and heterogeneity of patient-reported outcomes measures (PROMs) in papers reporting on outcomes after ileal pouch anal anastomosis (IPAA) surgery. The findings reveal that only half of the reviewed papers used PROMs, with bowel function being the most reported item and urogenital, social, and psychological functions being the most neglected. The lack of standardization in using PROMs in IPAA calls for a change in clinical practice and follow-up, emphasizing the crucial importance of PROMs.
JOURNAL OF CROHNS & COLITIS
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Jaume Bordas-Martinez, Lluis Mateu Gomez, David Camara Menoyo, Marta Lopez-Sanchez, Salud Santos, Maria Molina-Molina, Rosa Planas
Summary: Telemedicine has proven to be a useful tool in telemonitoring and telerehabilitation programs for respiratory patients. This pilot program aims to evaluate the feasibility of a telerehabilitation program for COVID-19 patients from hospital to home. Initial results show that telerehabilitation encourages and empowers patients, with high levels of patient satisfaction.
Review
Health Care Sciences & Services
Priscilla Jia Ling Wee, Yu Heng Kwan, Dionne Hui Fang Loh, Jie Kie Phang, Troy H. Puar, Truls Ostbye, Julian Thumboo, Sungwon Yoon, Lian Leng Low
Summary: This study systematically reviewed 238 unique PROMs for patients with type 2 diabetes, categorized them based on their measurement properties, and may assist clinicians and researchers in selecting appropriate high-quality PROMs for clinical practice and research.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL INTERNET RESEARCH
(2021)
Letter
Surgery
Isabelle Citron, William Townley
Summary: This study aimed to assess the impact of cosmetic rhinoplasty on patient-reported outcome measures (PROMS) using the FACE-Q (TM) tool. The results showed that rhinoplasty significantly improved PROMS and overall satisfaction was high. This positive finding is important for patients considering surgery.
JOURNAL OF PLASTIC RECONSTRUCTIVE AND AESTHETIC SURGERY
(2023)
Review
Orthopedics
James Reeves Mbori Ngwayi, Kenedy Uzoma Obie, Jie Tan, JianBiao Xu, Mujahid Alizada, Daniel Edward Porter
Summary: This study investigated the quality of Chinese language knee patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) and identified six PROMs with a minimum acceptable threshold. However, no single PROM had evidence encompassing all EMPRO attributes, necessitating further research. The study also identified the duplication of effort in the repeated translations of the same PROM.
JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC SURGERY AND RESEARCH
(2022)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Rosa Perez-Morales, Juan Manuel Buades-Fuster, Vicent Esteve-Simo, Manuel Macia-Heras, Carmen Mora-Fernandez, Juan F. Navarro-Gonzalez
Summary: The success of hemodialysis treatments has traditionally been evaluated using objective measures, but there is a growing interest in using electronic patient-related outcomes (ePROs) to provide a more personalized and multidimensional approach to patient management and clinical decision-making.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Review
Health Care Sciences & Services
Nicolo Panattoni, Umile Giuseppe Longo, Sergio De Salvatore, Nadia Saray Castro Castaneda, Laura Risi Ambrogioni, Michela Piredda, Maria Grazia De Marinis, Vincenzo Denaro
Summary: Recent research indicates that negative psychosocial factors are consistently associated with worse function and disability in patients with rotator cuff repair, particularly emotional or mental health factors. Poor psychological function before surgery correlates with worsening post-surgical outcomes, including persistent postoperative pain and decreased function/disability levels.
QUALITY OF LIFE RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Keith R. Macgregor, Timothy J. Hartman, James W. Nie, Eileen Zheng, Omolabake O. Oyetayo, Dustin H. Massel, Arash J. Sayari, Kern Singh
Summary: This study assessed the correlation between patient-reported mental health and physical function, pain, and disability following disc replacement surgery. The results showed that patients with lower mental health scores reported higher levels of pain and disability. Mental health was consistently associated with disability level at all time points.
ACTA NEUROCHIRURGICA
(2023)
Article
Surgery
Viren Patel, Jesse Y. Hsu, Robyn B. Broach, Marty P. Morris, Adrienne N. Christopher, Shelby N. Nathan, Jessica R. Cunning, Benjamin K. Poulose, John P. Fischer
Summary: A novel and accurate method for converting scores between AHQ and HerQLes is presented, facilitating the unification of QoL data from different PROMs. This supports the broader integration of PROMs in surgery and enhances understanding of patient-defined measures of success.
JOURNAL OF SURGICAL RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Urology & Nephrology
Kara Schick-Makaroff, Lisa A. Wozniak, Hilary Short, Sara N. Davison, Scott Klarenbach, Robert Buzinski, Michael Walsh, Jeffrey A. Johnson
Summary: The routine use of patient-reported outcome measures in in-center hemodialysis units did not substantially improve patient-clinician communication. Qualitative data suggest implementation challenges, including limited clarity of purpose and perceived limited value, that have limited the effectiveness of the intervention.
CLINICAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF NEPHROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Cinzia Brunelli, Emanuela Zito, Sara Alfieri, Claudia Borreani, Anna Roli, Augusto Caraceni, Giovanni Apolone
Summary: The survey revealed that HCPs have a moderate level of knowledge about common PROM tools but they are underutilized in practice. Despite a generally positive attitude towards PROMs, the implementation of ePROMs would require adequate resources and training.
Article
Oncology
Linda M. Pak, Regina Matar-Ujvary, Francys C. Verdial, Kathryn A. Haglich, Varadan Sevilimedu, Jonas A. Nelson, Mary L. Gemignani
Summary: Oncoplastic breast surgery combines plastic surgery techniques with conventional breast-conserving surgery and expands eligibility. This study compares long-term patient-reported outcomes after oncoplastic breast surgery and breast-conserving surgery. The results show that patients who underwent oncoplastic breast surgery reported lower psychosocial well-being scores preoperatively and 3-5 years postoperatively, but had similar breast satisfaction and sexual well-being compared to patients who underwent breast-conserving surgery.
ANNALS OF SURGICAL ONCOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Orthopedics
Jack Allport, Jayasree Ramaskandhan, Mohammad Alkhreisat, Malik S. Siddique
Summary: The study suggests that varus deformity does not negatively impact total ankle arthroplasty outcomes, and satisfactory results were achieved with valgus alignment in this cohort. Additionally, coronal plane deformity did not have a negative effect on radiological or clinical outcomes in total ankle arthroplasty.
FOOT & ANKLE INTERNATIONAL
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Alberto Aimo, Lucio Teresi, Vincenzo Castiglione, Anna Lisa Picerni, Martina Niccolai, Silvia Severino, Assunta Agazio, Anna Carnevale Baraglia, Laura Obici, Giovanni Palladini, Lucia Ponti, Alessia Argiro, Francesco Cappelli, Federico Perfetto, Matteo Serenelli, Giancarlo Trimarchi, Roberto Licordari, Gianluca Di Bella, Olena Chubuchna, Filippo Quattrone, Sabina Nuti, Sabina De Rosis, Claudio Passino, Claudio Rapezzi, Giampaolo Merlini, Michele Emdin, Giuseppe Vergaro
Summary: This study created the first specific patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) for transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis (ATTR-CA), and found that ITALY scores have close relationships with non-ATTR-specific measures of quality of life.
AMYLOID-JOURNAL OF PROTEIN FOLDING DISORDERS
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Michele Morfouace, Marinka L. F. Hol, Reineke A. Schoot, Olga Slater, Daniel J. Indelicato, Frederic Kolb, Ludwig E. Smeele, Johannes H. M. Merks, Charlene Rae, Heleen Maurice-Stam, Anne F. Klassen, Martha A. Grootenhuis
Summary: This study explored patient-reported outcomes in head and neck rhabdomyosarcoma (HNRMS) survivors and assessed the relationship between physician grading of adverse events (AE) and patient reporting. The findings highlight the importance of incorporating patient-reported outcome measures in survivorship follow-up, as physician-graded AEs are not sufficient to provide tailored care for HNRMS survivors.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Phillip J. Dijkhorst, Claire E. E. de Vries, Danny Mou, Lotte Poulsen, Jens A. Sorensen, Maarten M. Hoogbergen, Ruben N. van Veen, Anne F. Klassen, Andrea L. Pusic
Summary: Many people with obesity have unrealistic expectations before bariatric surgery, leading to negative psychological outcomes. Younger age and non-white race were significant predictors for higher expectations.
Article
Orthopedics
Lily R. Mundy, Nicolas H. Zingas, Natasha McKibben, Kathleen Healey, Nathan N. O'Hara, Robert V. O'Toole, Raymond A. Pensy
Summary: This study assessed the presence of financial distress and identified risk factors for financial toxicity in patients after tibial shaft fracture. The study found that medical complications, lower incomes, and younger age were associated with increased financial toxicity.
JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC TRAUMA
(2023)
Article
Surgery
Lotte Poulsen, Charlene Rae, Nina Simonsen, Anne F. Klassen, Mike Lorenzen, Michael Rose, Claus B. Juhl, Rene Klinkby Stoving, Stefan J. Cano, Alin Andries, Andrea L. Pusic, Jens Ahm Sorensen
Summary: This study investigated the impact of bariatric surgery (BaS) and body contouring surgery (BC) on patients' satisfaction with appearance and health-related quality of life (HR-QOL) using the BODY-Q measure. The results showed that both BaS and BC improved patients' satisfaction and HR-QOL, with BC playing a crucial role in maintaining the improvements.
PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY
(2023)
Article
Surgery
Lucas Gallo, Rakhshan Kamran, Charlene Rae, Shelby Deibert, Sophocles H. Voineskos, Karen W. Y. Wong Riff, Anne F. Klassen
Summary: This study investigates the impact of completing the FACE-Q Craniofacial Module on patients, especially children. The results show that most patients have a neutral response to the questionnaire, and only a small proportion of patients have negative responses. It is found that increased craniofacial severity, more scales completed, and lower FACE-Q scores are associated with negative responses.
PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY
(2023)
Article
Surgery
Inge Apon, Nikki van Leeuwen, Maarten J. Koudstaal, Alexander C. Allori, Carolyn R. Rogers-Vizena, Eppo B. Wolvius, Anne F. Klassen, Sarah L. Versnel
Summary: This study assessed the correlations between the CLEFT-Q psychosocial scales and explored their associations with patient characteristics and psychosocial care referral. Strong correlations were observed between social function and psychological function as well as school function scales. Therefore, it is suggested to remove the social function scale from the International Consortium for Health Outcomes Measurement Standard Set for cleft.
PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY
(2023)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Conrad Harrison, Inge Apon, Kenny Ardouin, Chris Sidey-Gibbons, Anne Klassen, Stefan Cano, Karen Wong Riff, Andrea Pusic, Sarah Versnel, Maarten Koudstaal, Alexander C. Allori, Carolyn Rogers-Vizena, Marc C. Swan, Dominic Furniss, Jeremy Rodrigues
Summary: Routine use of patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) and computerized adaptive tests (CATs) can improve care for surgical conditions. However, most available CATs lack condition-specificity, patient involvement, and clinically relevant score interpretation. This study developed a CAT for the CLEFT-Q PROM, aiming to facilitate its international uptake and provide an open-source framework for CAT development in other surgical conditions.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL INTERNET RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Surgery
Manraj N. Kaur, Lucas Gallo, Yi Wang, Charlene Rae, Giancarlo McEvenue, John Semple, Natasha Johnson, Kinusan Savard, Andrea L. Pusic, Devin Coon, Anne F. Klassen
Summary: This study aimed to assess the health state utility values (HSUVs) associated with chest masculinization surgery using EQ-5D and to identify the determinants of HRQL at 6 months postoperatively. The study found that chest masculinization was associated with an improvement in overall health-related quality of life (HRQL) at 6 months postoperatively, although this improvement was not statistically significant. It also identified preoperative depression severity as a significant determinant of postoperative HRQL.
JOURNAL OF PLASTIC RECONSTRUCTIVE AND AESTHETIC SURGERY
(2023)
Review
Surgery
Lucas Gallo, Patrick Kim, Morgan Yuan, Matteo Gallo, Achilles Thoma, Sophocles H. Voineskos, Stefan J. Cano, Andrea L. Pusic, Anne F. Klassen
Summary: This systematic review examined the administration and scoring of the FACE-Q Aesthetics scales and identified limitations in their implementation. The authors recommend that future researchers refer to the User's Guide for standardized administration and scoring, and provide justifications for study time frames and sample size calculations.
AESTHETIC SURGERY JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Manraj N. Kaur, Sabrina Chan, Louise Bordeleau, Toni Zhong, Elena Tsangaris, Andrea L. Pusic, Stefan J. Cano, Anne F. Klassen
Summary: The study aimed to re-examine the content validity of the BREAST-Q cancer modules and determine the need for new scales. Interviews with breast cancer patients revealed that most satisfaction scores correlated with the original BREAST-Q, except for breast sensation and lymphedema. New scales for upper extremity lymphedema, breast sensation, fatigue, cancer worry, and work impact were developed.
JOURNAL OF PATIENT-REPORTED OUTCOMES
(2023)
Article
Surgery
Manraj N. Kaur, Sylvie D. Cornacchi, Anne F. Klassen, Siba Haykal, Caroline Hircock, Babak J. Mehrara, Joseph H. Dayan, Dalibor Vasilic, Andrea L. Pusic
Summary: The purpose of this study was to gather patient priorities and preferences for upper extremity lymphedema (LE) research. Focus group sessions were conducted with English-speaking adult women with breast cancer-related LE seeking care at two cancer centers in Ontario, Canada. The findings highlighted the need for better understanding of psychosocial well-being and improved communication regarding LE risk and care options in clinical practice.
JOURNAL OF PLASTIC RECONSTRUCTIVE AND AESTHETIC SURGERY
(2023)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Russell Leong, Kate E. Sanderson, Anne F. Klassen, Elyanne M. Ratcliffe, Gregorio Zuniga-Villanueva
Summary: This study surveyed pediatricians' perceptions on the suitability of virtual care compared to in-person care. The results showed that virtual encounters were more suitable for triage, multidisciplinary meetings, discharge, and follow-ups, while in-person encounters were more suitable for first consultations and family meetings. Explaining test results, offering treatment recommendations, and obtaining patient histories were more likely to be done virtually, while physical examinations, visual assessments, and assessing developmental milestones were preferred to be performed in person. When deciding if a patient should be seen in person or virtually, pediatricians rated the patient's condition and communication barriers as the most important factors.
JOURNAL OF TELEMEDICINE AND TELECARE
(2023)
Article
Dermatology
Nina Vestergaard Simonsen, Anne F. Klassen, Charlene Rae, Farima Dalaei, Stefan Cano, Lotte Poulsen, Andrea L. Pusic, Jens Ahm Sorensen
Summary: The study aimed to examine the measurement properties of nine of the thirteen WOUND-Q scales and to conduct a test-retest reproducibility study in an international sample. Using Rasch Measurement Theory (RMT), the reliability and validity of eight out of the nine WOUND-Q scales were assessed. The results provided evidence of the reliability and validity of the scales measuring wound characteristics, health-related quality of life, and wound treatment.
INTERNATIONAL WOUND JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Surgery
Farima Dalaei, Claire E. E. de Vries, Stefan J. Cano, Manraj N. Kaur, Lotte Poulsen, Andre Pfob, Danny Mou, Jussi P. Repo, Rosa Salzillo, Jakub Opyrchal, Jens A. Sorensen, Andrea L. Pusic, Anne F. Klassen
Summary: This study examined the psychometric properties of the patient-reported outcome measure BODY-Q in a normative population. The results showed that the BODY-Q scales had acceptable reliability and validity in the normative sample, and can be used as reference values in research and clinical practice.
PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY-GLOBAL OPEN
(2023)
Review
Clinical Neurology
S. Ombashi, E. Tsangaris, A. G. Heeres, V. van Roey, R. F. Neuteboom, M. L. C. van Veelen-Vincent, K. Jansson, I. M. J. Mathijssen, A. F. Klassen, S. L. Versnel
Summary: This study conducted a systematic literature review to examine the current use of Patient-Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs) and identify the impact of headaches on the quality of life (QoL) of children, as well as the determinants of QoL.
JOURNAL OF HEADACHE AND PAIN
(2023)
Letter
Surgery
Arif Tri Prasetyo, Lisa Y. Hasibuan, Kevin Leonard Suryadinata
JOURNAL OF PLASTIC RECONSTRUCTIVE AND AESTHETIC SURGERY
(2024)
Article
Surgery
Peter J. Nicksic, D'Andrea T. Donnelly, Weifeng Zeng, Allison J. Seitz, Samuel O. Poore, Aaron J. Suminski, Aaron M. Dingle
Summary: The study demonstrates that trigeminal nerve stimulation (TNS) or peripheral nerve stimulation (PNS) can improve functional outcomes of peripheral nerve injury in rats. This finding is important in translating the therapy as a non-invasive treatment for high, mixed nerve injuries in humans.
JOURNAL OF PLASTIC RECONSTRUCTIVE AND AESTHETIC SURGERY
(2024)
Article
Surgery
K. Can Bayezid, Suat Morkuzu, Erdem Karabulut, Adam Bajus, Libor Streit
Summary: This study compared the spontaneity outcomes of the most preferred neurotization methods in facial reanimation surgery. The results showed that dual innervation and contralateral facial nerve-driven strategies achieved the most promising outcomes, while motor nerve to the masseter had lower potential to elicit spontaneous smile.
JOURNAL OF PLASTIC RECONSTRUCTIVE AND AESTHETIC SURGERY
(2024)
Letter
Surgery
Hinpetch Daungsupawong, Viroj Wiwanitkit
JOURNAL OF PLASTIC RECONSTRUCTIVE AND AESTHETIC SURGERY
(2024)
Article
Surgery
Zidi Yu, Ziwei Zhang, Xiancheng Wang, Dandan Song, Quanding Yan, Yang Sun, Xiang Xiong, Xianxi Meng, Wenbo Li, Zhongjie Yi
Summary: Pathological psychologies such as anxiety, depression, and body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) are common in female patients scheduled to undergo rhinoplasty. BDD is more likely to be associated with depression. Rhinoplasty has little psychological impact on patients, but female patients with BDD are more likely to be dissatisfied with the surgery.
JOURNAL OF PLASTIC RECONSTRUCTIVE AND AESTHETIC SURGERY
(2024)
Article
Surgery
Lei Wang, Qian Zhu, Yuanyuan Zhang, Yulin Miao, Huan Liu, Fengli Gao
Summary: This comparative observational study found that microscopic varicocoelectomy had higher sperm motility and showed significant improvements in certain postoperative parameters compared to laparoscopic varicocoelectomy. Neither group experienced testicular atrophy.
JOURNAL OF PLASTIC RECONSTRUCTIVE AND AESTHETIC SURGERY
(2024)
Article
Surgery
Mohamed Dalmar, Mohamed El Sheikh, Richard Baker, Rajan Uppal
Summary: This study analyzed complications following cosmetic surgeries managed by plastic surgery services at Heatherwood and Wexham Park hospitals in 2022, including procedures performed internationally. The majority of complications were related to breast cosmetic surgery and abdominoplasties, with the most common complications being wound dehiscence, post-operative infection, and seromas. Turkey was the most popular country selected for surgery, and there is a need to increase public awareness of the risks involved in seeking international options and how to choose suitable clinics.
JOURNAL OF PLASTIC RECONSTRUCTIVE AND AESTHETIC SURGERY
(2024)
Editorial Material
Surgery
Rohun Gupta, Lawson E. Spence, Peter K. Firouzbakht, Brian A. Mailey
JOURNAL OF PLASTIC RECONSTRUCTIVE AND AESTHETIC SURGERY
(2024)
Article
Surgery
Alexandre Mendonca Munhoz, Ary de Azevedo Marques Neto, Joao Maximiliano, Murillo Fraga
Summary: This study investigated the outcomes of silicone implants in breast augmentation and found that ergonomic style implants can achieve favorable results with lower complication rates.
JOURNAL OF PLASTIC RECONSTRUCTIVE AND AESTHETIC SURGERY
(2024)
Article
Surgery
Lee H. Kilmer, Allan A. Weidman, Brent R. Degeorge, John T. Stranix, Chris A. Campbell
Summary: The study aims to compare the oncologic, medical, and surgical outcomes of lumpectomy and oncoplastic breast reduction surgery (OBRS) on a national scale. A database was used to analyze patient data and match them based on various factors. The results showed that lumpectomy patients had higher rates of repeat lumpectomy or subsequent mastectomy, while OBRS patients had higher rates of surgical complications but fewer medical complications. Logistic regression analysis revealed that OBRS was associated with a decreased likelihood of repeat lumpectomy. Although OBRS was associated with increased wound complications, medical complications were found to occur less frequently.
JOURNAL OF PLASTIC RECONSTRUCTIVE AND AESTHETIC SURGERY
(2024)
Review
Surgery
M. Guiotto, C. M. Oranges, M. Cherubino, M. Maruccia, P. Tedeschi, D. F. Kalbermatten, W. Raffoul, P. G. di Summa
Summary: This study evaluated different surgical approaches for neoumbilicoplasty and correlated them with specific surgical needs. The results showed that direct suture, single flap, and multiple flap techniques can achieve overall satisfactory cosmetic outcomes with a low rate of surgical complications. Different surgical techniques are suitable for different patient populations and surgical scenarios.
JOURNAL OF PLASTIC RECONSTRUCTIVE AND AESTHETIC SURGERY
(2024)
Review
Surgery
Samuel Knoedler, Giuseppe Sofo, Barbara Kern, Konstantin Frank, Sebastian Cotofana, Sarah von Isenburg, Soren Konneker, Francesco Mazzarone, Amir H. Dorafshar, Leonard Knoedler, Michael Alfertshofer
Summary: This study compared real patient feedback with ChatGPT-generated reviews for the top five US plastic surgery procedures. It found that analyzing the emotional tone and review length can help differentiate real from fake reviews, and ChatGPT-generated reviews can convincingly deceive commercial AI detection software.
JOURNAL OF PLASTIC RECONSTRUCTIVE AND AESTHETIC SURGERY
(2024)
Article
Surgery
Gerlya Asirova, Jan Wynands, Sergey Frolov, Diana Almeida, Pavel Davydenko, Salem Madina
Summary: By assessing the development and growth of costal cartilage, the optimal age for ear reconstruction surgery in the Russian population was determined to be 10 years and older.
JOURNAL OF PLASTIC RECONSTRUCTIVE AND AESTHETIC SURGERY
(2024)
Letter
Surgery
S. Curran, E. Heffernan, S. Connolly, K. Levins, K. Cronin, R. Dolan
JOURNAL OF PLASTIC RECONSTRUCTIVE AND AESTHETIC SURGERY
(2024)
Article
Surgery
Soo Min Cha, Ashwin Pai, Hyun Jong Lee, Hyun Dae Shin
Summary: In this retrospective case series, we found that non-vascularized iliac bone graft longer than 3 cm had satisfactory clinical outcomes in the treatment of non-union of the upper extremities.
JOURNAL OF PLASTIC RECONSTRUCTIVE AND AESTHETIC SURGERY
(2024)