Selection and evaluation of reference genes for quantitative gene expression analysis in broomcorn millet (Panicum miliaceum L.)

The appropriate reference genes are crucial for normalization of the target gene expression in qRT-PCR analysis. Broomcorn millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) is one of the most important crops in drought areas worldwide, while the systematical investigation and evaluation of reference genes has not been investigated in this species up to now. Here, 9 commonly used reference genes were selected to detect their expressional stability in different tissues and under different stresses in broomcorn millet. Delta C (t) , BestKeeper, NormFinder and GeNorm approaches were used to evaluate the potentiality of these candidate genes as the reference gene in broomcorn millet. Taken together, results found that 18S and GAPDH were the suitable reference genes for gene expression normalization in different tissues and under stress treatment in broomcorn millet. This was the first study to investigate the reference genes for qRT-PCR analysis in broomcorn millet, which will facilitate the gene expression studies and also accelerate revealing the molecular mechanism of well-adapted extreme climatic conditions.