Review
Microbiology
Sameer Elsayed, Lise Bondy, William P. Hanage
Summary: This review discusses the origins and virology of human monkeypox, its connection with smallpox eradication, outbreaks in endemic and non-endemic regions, clinical manifestations, diagnostic methods, case management, public health interventions, and future directions.
CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY REVIEWS
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Yang Wang, Ping Leng, Hao Zhou
Summary: Monkeypox virus (MPXV) cases have been rapidly increasing worldwide since May 2022, with a total of 85,922 cases reported by the Atlanta Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Atlanta CDC) as of February 20th, 2023. MPXV has emerged as a potential public threat during the COVID-19 pandemic, highlighting the need for close monitoring of its transmission and prevalence. This comprehensive review provides insights into the basic characteristics, transmission routes, susceptible individuals, and the impact of MSM behavior and airline traveling on recent MPXV outbreaks. Clinical implications, prevention strategies, and viral detection measures of MPXV are also discussed.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Akira Endo, Hiroaki Murayama, Sam Abbott, Ruwan Ratnayake, Carl A. B. Pearson, W. John Edmunds, Elizabeth Fearon, Sebastian Funk
Summary: The outbreak of monkeypox in non-endemic regions in May 2022 has distinct epidemiological features, particularly its rapid spread among men who have sex with men (MSM). A study suggests that the heavy-tailed sexual partnership distribution, where a few individuals have numerous partners, can explain the sustained growth of monkeypox among MSM. This highlights the need for tailored messaging and support to prevent and detect monkeypox among MSM with high numbers of partners.
News Item
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Sara Reardon
Summary: With the decline of cases in the United States and Europe, Nature explores various scenarios of how the outbreak may evolve.
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Takashi Nakamura, Norikazu Isoda, Yoshihiro Sakoda, Hideyoshi Harashima
Summary: This review discusses drug delivery strategies, especially the use of lipid-based nanocarriers, for combating respiratory virus infections. To overcome respiratory viruses, it is necessary to acquire knowledge about international surveillance systems, virology, and ecology, and to determine the effectiveness of immune responses.
JOURNAL OF CONTROLLED RELEASE
(2022)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Antoine Gessain, Emmanuel Nakoune, Yazdan Yazdanpanah
Summary: The article reviews the virology, epidemiology, clinical features, and treatment of monkeypox, and discusses the reported cases in the United Kingdom, Portugal, and Italy in May 2022, which led to the declaration of a global health emergency by the WHO.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Chiara Moltrasio, Francesca Laura Boggio, Maurizio Romagnuolo, Rachele Cagliani, Manuela Sironi, Alessandra Di Benedetto, Angelo Valerio Marzano, Biagio Eugenio Leone, Barbara Vergani
Summary: The global outbreak of human monkeypox virus in 2022 emphasized the importance of dermatological manifestations for its diagnosis. This study analyzed skin biopsies to assess the histopathological and microscopic findings of cutaneous lesions related to hMPXV infection. The findings provided valuable insights into the disease's histological and microscopic characteristics, contributing to a better understanding of the current and potential future trends of human monkeypox virus and other Orthopoxvirus infections.
Letter
Immunology
Matthew Turner, Jeremy Mandia, Case Keltner, Robert Haynes, Paul Faestel, Luke Mease
Summary: We present a case of monkeypox in a vaccinated patient, highlighting the fact that vaccination does not guarantee full protection against the disease. The patient experienced prodromal symptoms followed by painless penile lesions that later merged.
EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Editorial Material
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Richard Hodson
Summary: Researchers provide clear guidelines on what countries should do to prevent another disease outbreak with pandemic potential.
Review
Virology
Galina A. Shchelkunova, Sergei N. Shchelkunov
Summary: After the global eradication of smallpox in 1980, the discontinuation of smallpox vaccination led to the loss of immunity against other zoonotic orthopoxvirus infections. An increasing number of human infections with orthopoxviruses, particularly monkeypox, raise concerns about the re-emergence of smallpox or similar diseases.
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Oriol Mitja, Dimie Ogoina, Boghuma K. Titanji, Cristina Galvan, Jean-Jacques Muyembe, Michael Marks, Chloe M. Orkin
Summary: Monkeypox is a zoonotic illness caused by the monkeypox virus, mainly found in west and central Africa. In 2022, it became a Public Health Emergency of International Concern due to its unprecedented global spread outside Africa. The disease primarily spreads through close intimate contact, with most cases diagnosed among men who have sex with men.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jason T. Ladner, Jason W. Sahl
Summary: Pathogen genome sequencing has become a routine part of outbreak response and epidemic preparedness. This Essay discusses the innovations enabling routine pathogen genome sequencing, the use of genome sequences to understand and control infectious disease spread, and the impact of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic on pathogen genomics. The challenges in improving the utility of pathogen genome sequencing in the future are also outlined.
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
J. Thomas Gebert, Francesca Scribano, Kristen A. Engevik, Jacob L. Perry, Joseph M. Hyser
Summary: Viruses are common enteric pathogens, and human intestinal organoids (HIOs) are becoming increasingly popular in virology research. HIOs offer a more accurate representation of native tissue infection than traditional cell lines and animal models, and provide higher throughput. This review discusses recent advances in virology achieved through the use of HIOs, including cultivation of previously uncultivatable viruses, insights into tropism, entry, replication kinetics, and host-pathogen interactions. The speed and flexibility of HIO-based studies have also contributed to our knowledge of SARS-CoV-2 and antiviral therapeutics. Limitations of HIOs and future directions are also discussed.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-GASTROINTESTINAL AND LIVER PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Sara Hemati, Marzieh Farhadkhani, Samira Sanami, Fazel Mohammadi-Moghadam
Summary: The re-emergence of monkeypox virus poses a potential global threat. During the COVID-19 pandemic, an increasing number of human cases have been reported worldwide, raising concerns. To prevent further spread, it is crucial to identify and control transmission routes, as well as enhance international collaborations. Governments and individuals should also take measures to safeguard public health.
TRAVEL MEDICINE AND INFECTIOUS DISEASE
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Shriyansh Srivastava, Sachin Kumar, Shagun Jain, Aroop Mohanty, Neeraj Thapa, Prabhat Poudel, Krishna Bhusal, Zahraa Haleem Al-qaim, Joshuan J. J. Barboza, Bijaya Kumar Padhi, Ranjit Sah
Summary: Monkeypox is a contagious disease caused by a virus, which has caused outbreaks in some countries in Africa. In 2022, it was declared a global public health emergency by the World Health Organization due to its unprecedented spread. Vaccines are available for prevention and treatment, but their efficacy is uncertain, and the development of safer and more specific vaccines is needed.
Article
Urology & Nephrology
Tungki Pratama Umar, Nityanand Jain, Henri Azis
Summary: A sudden increase in cases of acute kidney injury (AKI) in Indonesia and Gambia has been linked to the consumption of syrup medications contaminated with diethylene glycol (DEG) and ethylene glycol (EG). Preliminary investigations found lapses in quality control during manufacturing, including the substitution of the toxic solvents with the non-toxic solvent glycerol. This editorial report highlights the current situation and calls for accountability from the investigating authorities to restore public trust.
KIDNEY INTERNATIONAL
(2023)
Editorial Material
Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine
Nityanand Jain, Upasna Dutt, Igor Radenkov, Shivani Jain
Letter
Dermatology
Stephen P. Stone, Hanh Nguyen, Tran Van Phu, Trinh Ngo Binh, Nguyen Thi Ha Minh, Pham Vo Minh Nhut, Dinh Huu Nghi, Nityanand Jain
CLINICS IN DERMATOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Ethics
Tamara Kudaibergenova, Muiz Ibrahim, Nityanand Jain, Janis Vetra
Summary: In this report, we examined the ability and capacity of Institutional Research Ethics Committees (RECs) in Kyrgyzstan to provide impartial and competent review of scientific research during public health emergencies and non-emergency situations. Our findings revealed that there are currently no legal regulations guiding the activities of Kyrgyz RECs during public health emergencies, and significant policy gaps exist in non-emergency circumstances. This lack of guidance emphasizes the urgent need to develop ethical guidelines to meet the evolving needs of such emergencies, and to support capacity building of RECs for effective response to future pandemics and public health crises.
JOURNAL OF EMPIRICAL RESEARCH ON HUMAN RESEARCH ETHICS
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Deepkanwar Singh Panag, Nityanand Jain, Dimitra Katagi, Gabriela De Jesus Cipriano Flores, Gabriela Dias Silva Dutra Macedo, Gonzalo Rodrigo Diaz Villa, Mathieu Yeche, Saydi Yusveni Velazquez Merida, Sreerag Kapparath, Zilfi Sert, Aigars Reinis
Summary: To support case reporting and surveillance, standardized case definitions for monkeypox have been released by WHO. However, there are differences in the definitions adapted by different countries, leading to heterogeneity in the collected data. This study highlights the need for homogenization in implementing these guidelines to improve data quality and aid targeted interventions.
FRONTIERS IN PUBLIC HEALTH
(2023)
Editorial Material
Infectious Diseases
Nityanand Jain, Edouard Lansiaux, Umut Yucel, Swantje Huenermund, Stella Goeschl, Patricia Schlagenhauf
NEW MICROBES AND NEW INFECTIONS
(2023)
Editorial Material
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Edouard Lansiaux, Valentin Playe, Nityanand Jain
JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology
Dins Sumerags, Nityanand Jain, Mara Pilmane, Gunta Sumeraga
Summary: This study investigated anthropological and aerodynamic parameters for 60 professional singers, revealing differences in height, weight, and lung volumes among various vocal fachs. The findings suggest that a combination of anthropological and aerodynamic measurements can assist in determining voice types for vocal pedagogues and singers.
LOGOPEDICS PHONIATRICS VOCOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Infectious Diseases
Hester Lacey, Nityanand Jain, Mai Sugimoto, Masako Shimato, Ieva Reine, Kevin Oria
Summary: Malaria remains a public health problem in Kenya, but current education interventions are insufficient. Through studying the effectiveness, limitations, and legal challenges of various interventions, an online education pilot project was conducted to train medical students in combating malaria. The results showed that challenges still exist in public education and adoption, and digital tools can facilitate international collaborative health education.
INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Nityanand Jain, Tungki Pratama Umar, Anne-Fleur Fahner, Valdis Gibietis
Summary: This paper discusses the recent approval of Vowst, a novel oral FMT drug, by the FDA as a prophylactic therapy to prevent recurrent CDIs. Vowst works by reestablishing disrupted gut microbiota, limiting C. difficile spore germination, and promoting microbiome repair.
Article
Microbiology
Olegs Sokolovs-Karijs, Monta Briviba, Rihards Saksis, Maija Rozenberga, Francesca Girotto, Jana Osite, Aigars Reinis, Gunta Sumeraga, Angelika Krumina
Summary: This study utilized 16S rRNA genetic sequencing to identify the most common bacteria found on the surface of adenoids in children with and without otitis media with effusion. The results showed that there was no significant difference in bacterial composition between the two study groups, suggesting that the role of the adenoid microbiome in the development of otitis media with effusion may be less significant.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Nityanand Jain, Kirils Jersovs, Taira Safina, Mara Pilmane, Nora Jansone-Ratinika, Ieva Grike, Aigars Petersons
Summary: This perspective paper provides an overview of Latvia's medical education system, discussing the challenges and prospects from pre-university to doctoral level. It highlights the impact of increasing international students and institutional capacity constraints on the resources.
FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Hematology
Edouard Lansiaux, Emmanuel Drouin, Carsten Bolm
Summary: Through screening three databases, researchers found that beta-thalassemia carriers may be less affected by COVID-19 than the general population, but they are more likely to experience severe symptoms, have a lower ICU admission rate, and have a higher risk of death. However, these results are not statistically significant, and further large case-control or registry studies are needed to confirm these trends.
THALASSEMIA REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Nityanand Jain, Islam Kourampi, Tungki Pratama Umar, Zahra Rose Almansoor, Ayush Anand, Mohammad Ebad Ur Rehman, Shivani Jain, Aigars Reinis
Summary: This health policy paper discusses how to address the issues related to social-economic and health problems caused by global population expansion. It suggests promoting government and international organization participation, shifting towards a more preventive approach, and reducing inequalities as solutions.
AIMS PUBLIC HEALTH
(2023)
Article
Virology
Mohamed S. H. Hassan, Ahmed Ali, Motamed Elsayed Mahmoud, Danah Altakrouni, Shahnas M. Najimudeen, Mohamed Faizal Abdul-Careem
Summary: This study compared the efficacy of different vaccination programs against Canadian DMV/1639 IBV and found that the autogenous inactivated DMV/1639 vaccine was more effective in reducing viral loads and boosting virus neutralization titers. Both vaccination programs provided significant protection against pathological effects.
Article
Virology
Wanda Christ, Jonas Klingstrom, Janne Tynell
Summary: The integrated stress response (ISR) is activated in response to SARS-CoV-2 infection, triggering translational arrest and inhibiting stress granule formation. However, the stress-responsive transcription factors ATF4 and CHOP are not induced. Different SARS-CoV-2 variants show variant-specific differences in ISR activation, suggesting potential impacts on pathogenesis and treatment strategies.
Article
Virology
Xiao Han, Hankun Xu, Yifan Weng, Rong Chen, Jidong Xu, Tong Cao, Renjie Sun, Ying Shan, Fang He, Weihuan Fang, Xiaoliang Li
Summary: Classical swine fever virus (CSFV) can inhibit the host innate immunity by decreasing the level of high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), and CSFV Npro can evade host antiviral immune response through upregulating HMGB1 acetylation.
Article
Virology
Sunjian Lyu, Fulei Xiong, Tianpeng Qi, Weifeng Shen, Qi Guo, Mingming Han, Li Liu, Weishao Bu, Julin Yuan, Bao Lou
Summary: This study identified and characterized a novel temperate A. hydrophila phage, P05B, which has strong lytic ability and stability across different temperatures and pH values.
Article
Virology
Siyuan Liu, Wei Chen, Raphael Nyaruaba, Shunlong Wang, Cihan Yang, Qun Wu, Ying Liu, Puyu Liu, Fei Wang, Jingling Wang, Zhiming Yuan, Dingwei Sun, Han Xia
Summary: Specific, sensitive, and reliable RT-qPCR assays for the detection of OYAV and EBIV have been successfully developed in this study. These assays hold great promise for their potential application in clinical and field samples in the future.
Article
Virology
Rui Wang, Qiang Sun, Jinbo Xiao, Congcong Wang, Xiaoliang Li, Jichen Li, Yang Song, Huanhuan Lu, Ying Liu, Shuangli Zhu, Zhijun Liu, Yong Zhang
Summary: Coxsackievirus A6 (CVA6) has emerged as an important agent causing hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD). Mutations in residue 64 of the virus have been found to increase resistance to ribavirin and decrease sensitivity to guanidine hydrochloride. This mutation also leads to increased replication fidelity and reduced pathogenicity. These findings provide a foundation for the development of a safe and effective live attenuated CVA6 vaccine.
Article
Virology
Yao Xiong, Keran Ma, Xiao Zou, Yantao Liang, Kaiyang Zheng, Tiancong Wang, Hong Zhang, Yue Dong, Ziyue Wang, Yundan Liu, Hongbing Shao, Andrew Mcminn, Min Wang
Summary: This study isolated a novel virus, vB_VviC_ZQ26, infecting Vibrio cyclitrophicus from coastal waters near Qingdao, China. It was found that vB_VviC_ZQ26 belongs to a new vibriophage-specific family, Coheviridae, and is mainly found in temperate and tropical epipelagic zones.
Article
Virology
Xing Li, Zhiping Ye, Ewan P. Plant
Summary: By analyzing clinical and cultured samples using the same bioinformatic pipeline, it was found that 5' copyback DVGs are prevalent in human clinical samples but not in cultured samples. Furthermore, there are differences in DVG production and composition between in vivo and in vitro infections.
Article
Virology
Shreya Banerjee, Rakesh Sarkar, Arpita Mukherjee, Suvrotoa Mitra, Animesh Gope, Mamta Chawla-Sarkar
Summary: Rotavirus is a major cause of viral gastroenteritis in infants and continues to be a severe issue in underdeveloped nations. Recent research has shown that a long non-coding RNA called SLC7A11-AS1 is upregulated during rotavirus infection and plays a role in facilitating the virus's propagation by regulating intracellular glutathione and lipid peroxidation.
Article
Virology
Eiichi Hondo, Tetsufumi Katta, Ayato Sato, Naoya Kadofusa, Tomoki Ishibashi, Hiroshi Shimoda, Hirokazu Katoh, Atsuo Iida
Summary: Bat-borne emerging viruses, such as the Ebola virus and Nipah virus, pose a significant threat to public health. In this study, we identified micafungin as a potential antiviral drug against Pteropine orthoreovirus (PRV) and found that it inhibits viral release in human cells through activating the endoplasmic reticulum stress response pathway. This research provides valuable insights into the development of effective treatments for future virus pandemics.
Article
Virology
M. Joubert, N. van den Berg, J. Theron, V. Swart
Summary: This study investigated the host gene expression in asymptomatic avocado nursery trees infected with Avocado sunblotch viroid (ASBVd) using RNA sequencing. The results showed that 631 genes were differentially expressed during infection, with 63% upregulated. ASBVd infection significantly affected plant defence responses, phytohormone networks, gene expression pathways, secondary metabolism, cellular transport, as well as protein modification and degradation. This study provides insights into the molecular interactions underlying avsunviroid-host interactions.
Article
Virology
Wanling Zhang, Haiyan Yang, Zhengyun Liu, Shengyu Wang, Tianyang Chen, Hong Song, Yunbin Xu, Fajin Li, Guo Luo, Huan Wang
Summary: EV71 infection leads to changes in mitochondrial morphology and dynamics in human neuroblastoma cells, resulting in mitochondrial dysfunction that may contribute to nervous system dysfunction.
Article
Virology
Mikhail Oliveira Leastro, Elliot Watanabe Kitajima, Vicente Pallas, Jesus Angel Sanchez- Navarro
Summary: This study reports the construction and validation of an infectious cDNA clone of Citrus leprosis virus C (CiLV-C) based on an agroinfection system. Agro-injected Nicotiana benthamiana plants showed localized lesions similar to the natural infection process. The virus recovered from the infected plant tissue could be mechanically transmitted between plants. The CiLV-C reverse genetic system provides a powerful molecular tool for unraveling the peculiarities of the citrus leprosis pathosystem.
Article
Virology
Manel Essaidi-Laziosi, Francisco J. Perez-Rodriguez, Catia Alvarez, Pascale Sattonnet-Roche, Giulia Torriani, Meriem Bekliz, Kenneth Adea, Matthias Lenk, Tasnim Suliman, Wolfgang Preiser, Marcel A. Mueller, Christian Drosten, Laurent Kaiser, Isabella Eckerle
Summary: This study found that the Omicron variant has different replication characteristics compared to other variants of concern, being able to efficiently produce infectious virus in nasal cells but not lung cells. In addition, the Delta and Omicron variants showed increased infection efficiency in A549 cells. These findings suggest that the variants of concern have better adaptation to humans but do not have an extended host range.
Article
Virology
Martin Faye, Modeste Name Faye, Babacar Ndiaye, Moussa Moise Diagne, Safietou Sankhe, Ndeye Marieme Top, Amadou Diallo, Cheikh Loucoubar, Ndongo Dia, Amadou Alpha Sall, Ousmane Faye
Summary: Genomic surveillance in Senegal since March 2020 has detected the emergence of Omicron BA.4 and BA.5 sublineages in June 2022. Next-generation sequencing and phylogeny analysis of isolates from a cluster of cases in Northern Senegal in July 2022 revealed that the BA.4 cases originated from a XAS recombinant, marking the first reported sequence of this variant from Senegal. Continuous genomic surveillance of positive SARS-CoV-2 samples is crucial.
