Spread of flushing-generated fecal aerosols in a squat toilet cubicle: Implication for infection risk

Measuring the flushing-generated flow and aerosols in lavatory of commercial aircraft

(2022) Pin Li et al.   BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT

SARS-CoV-2 infection in the gastrointestinal tract: fecal-oral route of transmission for COVID-19?

(2021) X.I.A.N.G.-J.I.N. MENG et al.   GASTROENTEROLOGY

Hypothesis: SARS‐CoV‐2 transmission is predominated by the short‐range airborne route and exacerbated by poor ventilation

(2021) Yuguo Li   INDOOR AIR

Aerosol generation in public restrooms

(2021) Jesse H. Schreck et al.   PHYSICS OF FLUIDS

Detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA on contact surfaces within shared sanitation facilities

(2021) Isaac Dennis Amoah et al.   INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYGIENE AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH

Widespread contamination of SARS‐CoV ‐2 on highly touched surfaces in Brazil during the second wave of the COVID ‐19 pandemic

(2021) Severino Jefferson Ribeiro Silva et al.   ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY

Aerosol transmission of SARS-CoV-2 due to the chimney effect in two high-rise housing drainage stacks

(2021) Qun Wang et al.   JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS

Public toilets with insufficient ventilation present high cross infection risk

(2021) M. C. Jeffrey Lee et al.   Scientific Reports

On the Critical Role of Human Feces and Public Toilets in the Transmission of COVID-19: Evidence from China

(2021) Qiuyun Wang et al.   Sustainable Cities and Society

Transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 via fecal-oral: Current knowledge

(2021) Filipe Antônio França da Silva et al.   World Journal of Clinical Cases

Detection of air and surface contamination by SARS-CoV-2 in hospital rooms of infected patients

(2020) Po Ying Chia et al.   Nature Communications

Resolving the relative contributions of cistern and pour flushing to toilet water usage: Measurements from urban test sites in India

(2020) Claire M. Welling et al.   SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT

COVID-19 faecal-oral transmission: Are we asking the right questions?

(2020) Léo Heller et al.   SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT

Probable Evidence of Fecal Aerosol Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in a High-Rise Building

(2020) Min Kang et al.   ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE

Indoor transmission of SARS‐CoV‐2

(2020) Hua Qian et al.   INDOOR AIR

Multi-route transmission potential of SARS-CoV-2 in healthcare facilities

(2020) Baihuan Feng et al.   JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS

Toilets dominate environmental detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in a hospital

(2020) Zhen Ding et al.   SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT

Community evidence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission through air

(2020) Guozhen Lin et al.   ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT

Possible aerosol transmission of COVID-19 associated with an outbreak in an apartment in Seoul, South Korea, 2020

(2020) Seo Eun Hwang et al.   INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES

A mixed-methods study on toilet hygiene practices among Chinese in Hong Kong

(2019) Dan Wu et al.   BMC PUBLIC HEALTH

Evaluation of hospital-grade disinfectants on viral deposition on surfaces after toilet flushing

(2018) Hannah P. Sassi et al.   AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INFECTION CONTROL

Toilet revolution in China

(2018) Shikun Cheng et al.   JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT

Health risks from exposure to Legionella in reclaimed water aerosols: Toilet flushing, spray irrigation, and cooling towers

(2018) Kerry A. Hamilton et al.   WATER RESEARCH

Prevalence and Source of Fecal and Oral Bacteria on Infant, Child, and Adult Hands

(2018) Michael Shaffer et al.   mSystems

Toilet plume aerosol generation rate and environmental contamination following bowl water inoculation with Clostridium difficile spores

(2018) Kathleen A.N. Aithinne et al.   AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INFECTION CONTROL

Aerosolization of Ebola Virus Surrogates in Wastewater Systems

(2017) Kaisen Lin et al.   ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

If I do not have enough water, then how could I bring additional water for toilet cleaning?! Addressing water scarcity to promote hygienic use of shared toilets in Dhaka, Bangladesh

(2017) Ronald E. Saxton et al.   TROPICAL MEDICINE & INTERNATIONAL HEALTH

Aerosol Generation by Modern Flush Toilets

(2013) David Johnson et al.   AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

Clinical features and viral diagnosis of two cases of infection with Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus: a report of nosocomial transmission

(2013) Benoit Guery et al.   LANCET

Potential for aerosolization of Clostridium difficile after flushing toilets: the role of toilet lids in reducing environmental contamination risk

(2011) E.L. Best et al.   JOURNAL OF HOSPITAL INFECTION

Microbial contamination in kitchens and bathrooms of rural Cambodian village households

(2010) R.G. Sinclair et al.   LETTERS IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

Transport of particulate and gaseous pollutants in the vicinity of a human body

(2008) Donghyun Rim et al.   BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT