Mosaic RBD nanoparticles induce intergenus cross-reactive antibodies and protect against SARS-CoV-2 challenge

Recurrent spillovers of & alpha;- and (3-coronaviruses (CoV) such as severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV, Middle East respiratory syndrome-CoV, SARS-CoV-2, and possibly human CoV have caused serious morbidity and mortality worldwide. In this study, six receptor-binding domains (RBDs) derived from & alpha;- and (3-CoV that are con-sidered to have originated from animals and cross-infected humans were linked to a heterotrimeric scaffold, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) subunits, PCNA1, PCNA2, and PCNA3. They assemble to create a stable mosaic multivalent nanoparticle, 6RBD-np, displaying a ring-shaped disk with six protruding antigens, like jewels in a crown. Prime-boost immunizations with 6RBD-np in mice induced significantly high Ab titers against RBD antigens derived from & alpha;- and (3-CoV and increased interferon (IFN-& gamma;) production, with full protection against the SARS-CoV-2 wild type and Delta challenges. The mosaic 6RBD-np has the potential to induce intergenus cross-reactivity and to be developed as a pan-CoV vaccine against future CoV spillovers.

Automated summary

In this study, a stable mosaic multivalent nanoparticle, 6RBD-np, was developed by linking six receptor-binding domains (RBDs) derived from α- and β-coronaviruses to proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) subunits. Prime-boost immunizations with 6RBD-np in mice induced high antibody titers and full protection against SARS-CoV-2. This nanoparticle has the potential to be developed as a pan-CoV vaccine against future coronavirus spillovers.