Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Aaron Bagnell, Tim DeVries
Summary: Global sea level rise is primarily caused by heating of the ocean and the input of freshwater from melting ice. This study shows that trends in sea level rise can also be accurately tracked by observing changes in ocean salinity. The results highlight the importance of measuring ocean salinity for monitoring global sea level changes.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2023)
Review
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Anny Cazenave, Lorena Moreira
Summary: This article provides a comprehensive overview of the recent changes in sea level, focusing on global and regional variations over interannual to decadal timescales. It also highlights the progress made in measuring sea level at the coast and presents the latest sea-level projections from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY A-MATHEMATICAL PHYSICAL AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
J. I. Bertucci, J. Bellas
Summary: This study aimed to estimate the potential risk of the combined effect of global change factors and microplastic pollution on the growth and development of the sea urchin P. lividus. The results showed that exposure to decreased pH and microplastic caused a significant decrease in larval growth, while an increase in water temperature added additional stress, resulting in lower growth and altered development of the sea urchin larvae. The combined stress of ocean warming, acidification, and microplastic pollution may threaten sea urchin populations and have a potential impact on coastal ecosystems.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Marine
Hyun Min Sung, Jisun Kim, Sungbo Shim, Jong-Chul Ha, Young-Hwa Byun, Yeon-Hee Kim
Summary: Estimating future sea level rise is crucial for coastal risk assessment and climate-resilient infrastructure planning. This study utilized CMIP6 models to project future sea level rise under different climate targets, finding that SLR projections are more intense with global warming both globally and around the Korean Peninsula. Ocean variables show a slow response to climate change, with the Emergence of Climate Change index indicating that SLR will accelerate after the 1.5°C warming period.
JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Taimoor Sohail, Damien B. Irving, Jan D. Zika, Ryan M. Holmes, John A. Church
Summary: The study reveals that the ocean has absorbed a significant amount of heat, which can be traced back to warmer regions, with the cooling bias in the models traced back to inaccuracies in sea surface temperatures and heat fluxes.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Yetang Wang, Cunde Xiao
Summary: The Antarctic surface mass balance (SMB) is an important factor in regulating global sea level changes. By combining ice core records, reanalysis products, and climate models, this study provides a comprehensive reconstruction of the spatial and temporal complete SMB over the Antarctic Ice Sheet (AIS) for the past 310 years. The results show a significant positive trend in SMB over the entire AIS, with a larger increase rate since 1801. This increased SMB has cumulatively dampened global sea level rise, although the dynamics of the ice sheet were not considered.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Georgios Boumis, Hamed. R. R. Moftakhari, Hamid Moradkhani
Summary: The design of coastal defense structures needs to consider the projected sea-level rise. Global annual maxima sea levels have been increasing primarily due to a rise in mean sea level. Non-stationary extreme value theory is applied to model sea levels with mean sea level as a covariate, showing that many locations will experience their present-day 100-year return level as a more frequent event in the future. By the end of this century, almost all locations examined will encounter their current 100-year return level on an annual basis.
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Kay McMonigal, Sarah Larson, Shineng Hu, Ryan Kramer
Summary: Mitigation and adaptation strategies for climate change depend on accurate climate projections for the coming decades. Changes to wind-driven ocean circulation amplify the rate of global surface warming by 17% from 1979 to 2014, in addition to the known contribution of radiative heat fluxes. Accurately simulating changes to the atmospheric circulation is key to improving near-term climate projections.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Benjamin H. Strauss, Scott A. Kulp, D. J. Rasmussen, Anders Levermann
Summary: Human-caused carbon dioxide emissions will have long-lasting impacts on global temperatures and sea levels. Many major cities, particularly in Asia, will face unprecedented exposure levels from sea level rise. Countries like China, India, Indonesia, and Vietnam have large populations residing in areas vulnerable to high tide lines, while small island nations are at risk of near-total loss. Meeting the goals of the Paris Climate Agreement could significantly reduce the exposure and protect coastal megacities from extensive defense requirements.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Tangdong Qu, Oleg Melnichenko
Summary: This study quantitatively assesses the steric changes associated with sea level rise in the upper South Indian Ocean (SIO) from 1993-2017, using the latest ocean state estimate and in-situ observations. The results show that the sea level rise in the low-latitude SIO is faster than the South Pacific and South Atlantic counterparts. The fast sea level rise is mainly attributed to warming and freshening of the upper ocean, with little contribution from the deeper layers.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Mateusz Ciski, Krzysztof Rzasa
Summary: The research aimed to assess the threat to cultural heritage objects in the Tri-City area of Poland due to climate change, finding that even a slight rise in sea level could result in the permanent loss of monuments.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jiecheng Song, Guanchao Tong, Jiayou Chao, Jean Chung, Minghua Zhang, Wuyin Lin, Tao Zhang, Peter M. Bentler, Wei Zhu
Summary: This paper presents a novel data-driven framework to analyze the causes and forecasts of global temperature and sea level rise. The study identifies the pathways connecting increasing greenhouse gas emissions to rising temperatures and sea levels. Without action to curb emissions, the global temperature is projected to increase by an estimated 3.28 degrees C (2.46-4.10 degrees C) above pre-industrial levels by 2100, while the sea level would rise by an estimated 573 mm (474-671 mm) above its 2021 mean. However, adhering to greenhouse gas emission regulations outlined in COP26 could reduce the temperature increase to 1.88 degrees C (1.43-2.33 degrees C) and the sea level rise to 449 mm (389-509 mm) by 2100.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Review
Environmental Sciences
Martin Jakobsson, Larry A. Mayer
Summary: The interaction between the ocean, cryosphere, and seafloor is vital for understanding processes such as deep ocean mixing, glacier dynamics, and sea-level rise. However, there is a critical knowledge gap in accurately mapping the seafloor in Polar regions, which needs to be addressed to improve predictions and understanding of these processes.
FRONTIERS IN MARINE SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
M. D. Palmer, C. M. Domingues, A. B. A. Slangen, F. Boeira Dias
Summary: The study introduces an ensemble approach for quantifying historical global mean sea-level rise, which provides a conservative estimate of total uncertainty by combining internal and structural uncertainties. Comparisons with past assessments and satellite altimeter data show good agreement with the results. Sensitivity tests demonstrate the robustness of the estimates to variations in reference period and central estimate timeseries, indicating potential applications to other global or regional climate change indicators.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2021)
Review
Environmental Sciences
Baskaran Abirami, Manikkam Radhakrishnan, Subramanian Kumaran, Aruni Wilson
Summary: Global warming has various effects on ocean ecosystems, including temperature, acidification, oxygen content, circulation, stratification, and nutrient inputs, posing a serious threat to the metabolism and distribution of marine microbes and affecting the overall ecosystem functioning.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2021)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Damien Irving, Will Hobbs, John Church, Jan Zika
Summary: Coupled climate models often experience drift issues mainly in ocean heat and freshwater fluxes, atmospheric moisture fluxes, leading to leakage of mass and energy in the simulated climate system. While most models achieve closure of energy budget after drift removal, some models still struggle to achieve closure of ocean mass and atmospheric moisture budgets.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2021)
Editorial Material
Oceanography
Trevor J. McDougall, Paul M. Barker, Geoffrey J. Stanley
Summary: There are various definitions of a spice type variable in physical oceanography, with differences in measuring water-mass variations and stability ratio. The potential spicity variable, based on the orthogonality principle, shows isopycnal differences more than a factor of 100 compared to other water-mass property measures. This makes potential spicity variables unsuitable for measuring water-mass variations along isopycnals.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jinping Wang, John A. Church, Xuebin Zhang, Xianyao Chen
Summary: The researchers confirmed the consistency between observed global and regional sea-level trends with projections using satellite and tide-gauge observations, showing that the acceleration of sea-level rise falls between the expectations for RCP4.5 and RCP8.5.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Quran Wu, Xuebin Zhang, John A. Church, Jianyu Hu, Jonathan M. Gregory
Summary: The study examines the importance of long-term sea-level change in assessing the impact of climate change and identifies transient and stabilisation patterns in sea-level rise under different scenarios. It also finds that the emergence of the stabilisation pattern leads to a decrease in the ocean's expansion efficiency of heat.
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Geoffrey J. Stanley, Trevor J. McDougall, Paul M. Barker
Summary: This study improves the speed, robustness, and utility of omega-surfaces by reducing computational complexity and iterations, as well as adding wetting capacity. The new algorithm can compute an omega-surface in a gridded ocean in roughly 15 seconds, significantly faster than the original software.
JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN MODELING EARTH SYSTEMS
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Kewei Lyu, Xuebin Zhang, John A. Church
Summary: Ocean heat content is increasing, leading to sea-level rise, with thermal expansion projected to reach 17-26 cm in the future. Historical observations have constrained high-end projections of future ocean warming.
NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE
(2021)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Jinping Wang, John A. Church, Xuebin Zhang, Jonathan M. Gregory, Laure Zanna, Xianyao Chen
Summary: By combining new estimates of various factors, we find that the sea-level trends observed at 272 tide gauges distributed globally agree with the sum of contributions, indicating that the local sea-level budget is essentially closed. Sea-level changes are mainly influenced by ocean dynamics and glacial isostatic adjustment.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Taimoor Sohail, Jan D. Zika, Damien B. Irving, John A. Church
Summary: Warming-induced global water cycle changes pose a significant challenge to global ecosystems and human society. However, quantifying historical water cycle change is difficult owing to a dearth of direct observations, particularly over the ocean, where 77% and 85% of global precipitation and evaporation occur, respectively. Here, researchers track salinity trends in the warm, salty fraction of the ocean and quantify the observed net poleward transport of freshwater from 1970 to 2014. They find that poleward freshwater transport from warm to cold ocean regions has occurred at a rate not replicated in current climate models.
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
R. M. Holmes, S. Groeskamp, K. D. Stewartu, T. J. McDougall
Summary: Motivated by recent advances in mapping mesoscale eddy tracer mixing in the ocean, this study evaluated the sensitivity of a coarse-resolution global ocean model to spatially variable neutral diffusion coefficients. Results show that suppression of mixing by mean flows is the most important factor, while the vertical structure is relatively unimportant. Utilizing the full theory strengthened the interhemispheric overturning cell, reduced zonal mean tracer biases, and impacted circulation through temperature-induced changes and nonlinear equation effects.
JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN MODELING EARTH SYSTEMS
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
R. S. W. van de Wal, R. J. Nicholls, D. Behar, K. McInnes, D. Stammer, J. A. Lowe, J. A. Church, R. DeConto, X. Fettweis, H. Goelzer, M. Haasnoot, I. D. Haigh, J. Hinkel, B. P. Horton, T. S. James, A. Jenkins, G. LeCozannet, A. Levermann, W. H. Lipscomb, B. Marzeion, F. Pattyn, A. J. Payne, W. T. Pfeffer, S. F. Price, H. Seroussi, S. Sun, W. Veatch, K. White
Summary: Sea level rise is a long-lasting consequence of climate change, and despite uncertainties, climate model-based projections are used to support decision-making. A community effort has been made to quantify high-end global sea level rise, providing additional information on potential future scenarios. The timing of ice shelf collapse in Antarctica is emphasized as a critical factor for sea level rise.
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Trevor J. McDougall, Paul M. Barker, Ryan M. Holmes, Rich Pawlowicz, Stephen M. Griffies, Paul J. Durack
Summary: This article discusses the impact of TEOS-10 and EOS-80 equations on ocean heat content, particularly focusing on the interpretation of salinity and temperature variables in coupled models, as well as how to calculate and compare data from these models with observational data.
GEOSCIENTIFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT
(2021)
