Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Daobin Tang, Xiaozhen Huang, Weizhong Tang, Yanqiao Jin
Summary: Utilizing metal catalysts for hydrogenolysis of lignin can produce lignin oil and further yield fine chemicals such as phenols and terephthalic acid. Current issues in lignin catalytic conversion are being investigated, but the future development prospects of this field are promising.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
(2021)
Review
Materials Science, Paper & Wood
Xiongjian Du, Shubin Wu, Penghui Li
Summary: This paper focuses on the hydrolysis reaction of three major ether bonds (α-O-4, 6-O-4, 4-O-5) in lignin and lignin model compounds based on different catalysts for hydrogenative degradation. The methods and strategies to inhibit condensation reactions are summarized. The hydrogenation degradation mechanism of biomass is analyzed using isotopically labeled reaction pathways and density functional theory calculation to improve the yield of monophenols.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Han-Bing Gao, Le-Le Qiu, Fa-Peng Wu, Jian Xiao, Yun-Peng Zhao, Jing Liang, Yong-Hui Bai, Fang-Jing Liu, Jing-Pei Cao
Summary: C-O bonds in lignin can be efficiently cleaved by a hydrotalcite-derived Ni-based catalyst, leading to the production of high value-added bio-fuels and chemicals. The optimized Ni/Al2O3-500 catalyst exhibits excellent catalytic activity and stability, with complete conversion of diphenyl ether to monomeric products under optimized conditions. This catalyst shows promising potential in the hydrogenolysis of lignin derivatives.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Hai-Tao Wang, Zhan-Ku Li, Hong-Lei Yan, Zhi-Ping Lei, Jing-Chong Yan, Shi-Biao Ren, Zhi-Cai Wang, Shi-Gang Kang, Heng-Fu Shui
Summary: Selective hydrogenolysis of lignin can be achieved using a highly dispersed Ni-Ru/Al2O3 catalyst. The catalyst exhibits high activity for the hydrogenolysis of lignin and model compounds, with the apparent activation energy depending on the structure of the substrates.
Review
Agricultural Engineering
Ke Ye, Ying Liu, Shubin Wu, Junping Zhuang
Summary: This paper reviews the present status, advantages and disadvantages of catalytic hydrogenolysis of lignin from two aspects of the solvent system and catalyst system. Solvents have been found to have a huge impact on the hydrogenolysis process and product distribution of lignin, the repolymerization of active intermediates is the main reason for char formation. It is proposed that the influence of different lignin structures should be fully considered in the catalyst design process, and the mechanism study of the hydrogenolysis process should focus on real lignin rather than model compounds.
INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
(2021)
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Haichuan Zhang, Shiyu Fu, Xu Du, Yulin Deng
Summary: This review discusses the latest advances in biomass-derived biofuels and biochemicals as alternatives to petroleum, focusing on the synthesis and fabrication of porous nanocatalysts for hydrogenolysis of lignin. The emphasis is on catalyst design, the effects of different supports, and the challenges and opportunities for lignin hydrogenolysis over nanomaterial-supported catalysts.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Meiyan Hou, Hui Chen, Yanjing Li, Haijun Wang, Lu Zhang, Yadong Bi
Summary: A new type of Ni-EDTA/Al2O3 catalyst was prepared, which showed a higher total monomer yield in lignocellulose reductive catalytic fractionation process due to the high dispersion of nickel nanoparticles and the protection of a carbon layer.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Wei Jiang, Jing-Pei Cao, Zi-Meng He, Wen Tang, Yan-Cheng Hu, Hong-Yan Wang, Jin-Xuan Xie, Xiao-Yan Zhao, Hong-Cun Bai
Summary: This paper investigates the application of metal-modified Ru-based catalysts in the conversion of lignin ethers. The results show that the catalyst can inhibit the hydrogenation of aromatic rings at low temperatures, but facilitate the cleavage of C-O bonds during heating. The Ru-Cr/alpha-Al2O3 catalyst exhibits the highest reaction rate for DPE conversion under 1 MPa Ar and 200℃.
APPLIED CATALYSIS A-GENERAL
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Qiang Wang, Ling-Ping Xiao, Yi-Hui Lv, Wen-Zheng Yin, Chuan-Jin Hou, Run-Cang Sun
Summary: In this study, a copper-based catalyst derived from a metal-organic backbone is presented for the reductive catalytic fractionation of woody sawdust, which offers high yields of propyl and propanol end-chain monomeric phenols. The catalyst is found to effectively cleave aryl ether linkages, promoting the conversion of lignin into valuable compounds.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Xiangchen Kong, Chao Liu, Weicong Xu, Yue Han, Yuyang Fan, Ming Lei, Ming Li, Rui Xiao
Summary: This study investigates the depolymerization of stubborn lignin (SL) using Cu/CuMgAlOx catalyst in supercritical methanol, achieving a monomer yield of 37.76% with cyclohexanols identified as the major products. Various analytical techniques confirm the depolymerization of SL and upgrading of its derivatives. Computational determinations of activation energies, chemisorption energies, and bond dissociation energies support the experimental results, providing insights into the cleavage of stubborn linkages within SL.
FUEL PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Qiang Wang, Ling-Ping Xiao, Yi-Hui Lv, Wen-Zheng Yin, Chuan-Jin Hou, Run-Cang Sun
Summary: Reductive catalytic fractionation (RCF) of lignocellulosic biomass is an important biorefinery strategy. In this study, a copper-based catalyst derived from a metal-organic backbone was used for RCF of woody sawdust, resulting in high yields of propyl and propanol end-chain monomeric phenols. The study also provided insights into the cleavage of aryl ether linkages and lignin valorization using non-noble catalysts.
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Chongbo Cheng, Pengfei Li, Wenbing Yu, Dekui Shen, Sai Gu
Summary: In this study, catalytic hydrogenolysis of organosolv poplar lignin was conducted using NiCu/C catalysts in ethanol/isopropanol solvent, achieving high yields of phenolic monomers. The introduction of Cu in catalysts promoted the hydrogen donor process of the solvent and facilitated the cleavage of lignin linkages, resulting in decreased molecular weight of bio-oil. The possible lignin dimer type structures were proposed and identified by MALDI-TOF MS, providing a better understanding of NiCu/C catalyzed lignin depolymerization.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Xiaojia Lu, Lucas Lagerquist, Kari Eranen, Jarl Hemming, Patrik Eklund, Lionel Estel, Sebastien Leveneur, Henrik Grenman
Summary: This study investigated the reductive catalytic depolymerization of lignin in a novel semi-industrial process, aiming to obtain aromatic mono-, di-, tri-, and tetramers for further valorization. The results revealed that elevated temperature, a redox catalyst, and a hydrogen atmosphere are essential for the depolymerization and product stability, with the highest yields of mono- to tetramers reaching 98% and mono- to dimers over 85% in the liquid phase products. The study contributes to the development and optimization of a sustainable process utilizing all fractions of wood efficiently, aligning with green engineering and chemistry principles.
INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Matthew S. Kollman, Xiao Jiang, Runkun Sun, Xia Zhang, Wenzhi Li, Hou-min Chang, Hasan Jameel
Summary: The one-pot conversion of technical lignins to jet fuel is limited by the recondensation of unstable intermediates. A two-stage process involving reductive depolymerization and oligomers upgrading may increase yield. This study focuses on the initial depolymerization of industrially relevant lignins and explores the effects of feedstocks, catalysts, and process conditions on product composition. Hydrogen and temperature synergistically suppress coking during pine kraft depolymerization, while ruthenium and zinc are effective catalysts for converting hardwood kraft lignin to oligomers suitable for upgrading to jet fuel-range hydrocarbons.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Jiao Xu, Bingxiao Zheng, Jinliang Song, Haihong Wu, Xuelei Mei, Kaili Zhang, Wanying Han, Chunyu Li, Mingyuan He, Buxing Han
Summary: The construction of N-substituted amines from biomass-derived aryl ethers via reductive aminolysis is a promising strategy for biomass valorization. However, realizing this transformation over heterogeneous catalysts at a low H-2 pressure has been a challenge. In this study, a Hf-exchanged montmorillonite supported Pd nanoparticles catalyst (Pd/Hf-MMT) was designed and found to be highly efficient for the direct reductive aminolysis of aryl ethers with amines, without the need for homogeneous acidic additives, at a low H-2 pressure of 0.3 MPa. The excellent activity of Pd/Hf-MMT was attributed to the strong acidity of Hf-MMT and the lower electron density of metallic Pd. The Pd/Hf-MMT catalyst also showed great potential for practical applications due to its advantages such as low H-2 pressure, heterogeneous nature, high efficiency, and broad substrate scope.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yingna Du, Chen Huang, Wei Jiang, Qiangwei Yan, Yongfei Li, Gang Chen
Summary: In this study, anionic surfactants modified hydrotalcite was used as a flow improver for crude oil under low-temperature conditions. The modified hydrotalcite showed a significant viscosity reduction effect on crude oil. The mechanism of the modified hydrotalcite on viscosity and pour point of crude oil was explored through characterization and analysis of the modified hydrotalcite and oil samples.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Mohammad Saeid Rostami, Mohammad Mehdi Khodaei
Summary: In this study, a hybrid structure, MIL-53(Al)@MWCNT, was synthesized by combining MIL-53(Al) particles and -COOH functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT). The hybrid structure was then embedded in a polyethersulfone (PES) polymer matrix to prepare a mixed matrix membrane (MMM) for CO2/CH4 and CO2/N2 separation. The addition of MWCNTs prevented MIL-53(Al) aggregation, improved membrane mechanical properties, and enhanced gas separation efficiency.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yunlong Li, Desheng Huang, Xiaomeng Dong, Daoyong Yang
Summary: This study develops theoretical and experimental techniques to determine the phase behavior and physical properties of DME/flue gas/water/heavy oil systems. Eight constant composition expansion (CCE) tests are conducted to obtain new experimental data. A thermodynamic model is used to accurately predict saturation pressure and swelling factors, as well as the phase boundaries of N2/heavy oil systems and DME/CO2/heavy oil systems, with high accuracy.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Morteza Afkhamipour, Ebad Seifi, Arash Esmaeili, Mohammad Shamsi, Tohid N. Borhani
Summary: Non-conventional amines are being researched worldwide to overcome the limitations of traditional amines like MEA and MDEA. Adequate process and thermodynamic models are crucial for understanding the applicability and performance of these amines in CO2 absorption, but studies on process modeling for these amines are limited. This study used rate-based modeling and Deshmukh-Mather method to model CO2 absorption by DETA solution in a packed column, validated the model with experimental data, and conducted a sensitivity analysis of mass transfer correlations. The study also compared the CO2 absorption efficiency of DETA solution with an ionic solvent [bmim]-[PF6] and highlighted the importance of finding optimum operational parameters for maximum absorption efficiency.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Arastoo Abdi, Mohamad Awarke, M. Reza Malayeri, Masoud Riazi
Summary: The utilization of smart water in EOR operations has gained attention, but more research is needed to understand the complex mechanisms involved. This study investigated the interfacial tension between smart water and crude oil, considering factors such as salt, pH, asphaltene type, and aged smart water. The results revealed that the hydration of ions in smart water plays a key role in its efficacy, with acidic and basic asphaltene acting as intrinsic surfactants. The pH also influenced the interfacial tension, and the aged smart water's interaction with crude oil depended on asphaltene type, salt, and salinity.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Dongao Zhu, Kun Zhu, Lixian Xu, Haiyan Huang, Jing He, Wenshuai Zhu, Huaming Li, Wei Jiang
Summary: In this study, cobalt-based metal-organic frameworks (Co-based MOFs) were used as supports and co-catalysts to confine the NHPI catalyst, solving the leaching issue. The NHPI@Co-MOF with carboxyl groups exhibited stronger acidity and facilitated the generation of active oxygen radicals O2•, resulting in enhanced catalytic activity. This research provides valuable insights into the selection of suitable organic linkers and broadens the research horizon of MOF hybrids in efficient oxidative desulfurization (ODS) applications.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Edwin G. Hoyos, Gloria Amo-Duodu, U. Gulsum Kiral, Laura Vargas-Estrada, Raquel Lebrero, Rail Munoz
Summary: This study investigated the impact of carbon-coated zero-valent nanoparticle concentration on photosynthetic biogas upgrading. The addition of nanoparticles significantly increased microalgae productivity and enhanced nitrogen and phosphorus assimilation. The presence of nanoparticles also improved the quality of biomethane produced.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yao Xiao, Asma Leghari, Linfeng Liu, Fangchao Yu, Ming Gao, Lu Ding, Yu Yang, Xueli Chen, Xiaoyu Yan, Fuchen Wang
Summary: Iron is added as a flocculant in wastewater treatment and the hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of sludge produces wastewater containing Fe. This study investigates the effect of aqueous phase (AP) recycling on hydrochar properties, iron evolution and environmental assessment during HTC of sludge. The results show that AP recycling process improves the dewatering performance of hydrochar and facilitates the recovery of Fe from the liquid phase.
Article
Energy & Fuels
He Liang, Tao Wang, Zhenmin Luo, Jianliang Yu, Weizhai Yi, Fangming Cheng, Jingyu Zhao, Xingqing Yan, Jun Deng, Jihao Shi
Summary: This study investigated the influence of inhibitors (carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and heptafluoropropane) on the lower flammability limit of hydrogen and determined the critical inhibitory concentration needed for complete suppression. The impact of inhibitors on explosive characteristics was evaluated, and the inhibitory mechanism was analyzed with chemical kinetics. The results showed that with the increase of inhibitor quantity, the lower flammability limit of hydrogen also increased. The research findings can contribute to the safe utilization of hydrogen energy.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Zonghui Liu, Zhongze Zhang, Yali Zhou, Ziling Wang, Mingyang Du, Zhe Wen, Bing Yan, Qingxiang Ma, Na Liu, Bing Xue
Summary: In this study, high-performance solid catalysts based on phosphotungstic acid (HPW) supported on Zr-SBA-15 were synthesized and evaluated for the one-pot conversion of furfural (FUR) to γ-valerolactone (GVL). The catalysts were characterized using various techniques, and the ratio of HPW and Zr was found to significantly affect the selectivity of GVL. The HPW/Zr-SBA-15 (2-4-15) catalyst exhibited the highest GVL yield (83%) under optimized reaction conditions, and it was determined that a balance between Bronsted acid sites (BAS) and Lewis acid sites (LAS) was crucial for achieving higher catalytic performance. The reaction parameters and catalyst stability were also investigated.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Michael Stoehr, Stephan Ruoff, Bastian Rauch, Wolfgang Meier, Patrick Le Clercq
Summary: As part of the global energy transition, an experimental study was conducted to understand the effects of different fuel properties on droplet vaporization for various conventional and alternative fuels. The study utilized a flow channel to measure the evolution of droplet diameters over time and distance. The results revealed the temperature-dependent effects of physical properties, such as boiling point, liquid density, and enthalpy of vaporization, and showed the complex interactions of preferential vaporization and temperature-dependent influences of physical properties for multi-component fuels.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yuan Zhuang, Ruikang Wu, Xinyan Wang, Rui Zhai, Changyong Gao
Summary: Through experimental validation and optimization of the chemical kinetic model, it was found that methanol can accelerate the oxidation reaction of ammonia, and methanol can be rapidly oxidized at high concentration. HO2 was found to generate a significant amount of OH radicals, facilitating the oxidation of methanol and ammonia. Rating: 7.5/10.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Radwan M. EL-Zohairy, Ahmed S. Attia, A. S. Huzayyin, Ahmed I. EL-Seesy
Summary: This paper presents a lab-scale experimental study on the impact of diethyl ether (DEE) as an additive to waste cooking oil biodiesel with Jet A-1 on combustion and emission features of a swirl-stabilized premixed flame. The addition of DEE to biodiesel significantly affects the flame temperature distribution and emissions. The W20D20 blend of DEE, biodiesel, and Jet A-1 shows similar flame temperature distribution to Jet A-1 and significantly reduces UHC, CO, and NOx emissions compared to Jet A-1.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Jiang Bian, Ziyuan Zhao, Yang Liu, Ran Cheng, Xuerui Zang, Xuewen Cao
Summary: This study presents a novel method for ammonia separation using supersonic flow and develops a mathematical model to investigate the condensation phenomenon. The results demonstrate that the L-P nucleation model accurately characterizes the nucleation process of ammonia at low temperatures. Numerical simulations also show that increasing pressure and concentration can enhance ammonia condensation efficiency.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Shiyuan Pan, Xiaodan Shi, Beibei Dong, Jan Skvaril, Haoran Zhang, Yongtu Liang, Hailong Li
Summary: Integrating CO2 capture with biomass-fired combined heat and power (bio-CHP) plants is a promising method for achieving negative emissions. This study develops a reliable data-driven model based on the Transformer architecture to predict the flowrate and CO2 concentration of flue gas in real time. The model validation shows high prediction accuracy, and the potential impact of meteorological parameters on model accuracy is assessed. The results demonstrate that the Transformer model outperforms other models and using near-infrared spectral data as input features improves the prediction accuracy.