A Brief Review of Hydrogen Production Methods and Their Challenges

Hydrogen is emerging as a new energy vector outside of its traditional role and gaining more recognition internationally as a viable fuel route. This review paper offers a crisp analysis of the most recent developments in hydrogen production techniques using conventional and renewable energy sources, in addition to key challenges in the production of Hydrogen. Among the most potential renewable energy sources for hydrogen production are solar and wind. The production of H-2 from renewable sources derived from agricultural or other waste streams increases the flexibility and improves the economics of distributed and semi-centralized reforming with little or no net greenhouse gas emissions. Water electrolysis equipment driven by off-grid solar or wind energy can also be employed in remote areas that are away from the grid. Each H-2 manufacturing technique has technological challenges. These challenges include feedstock type, conversion efficiency, and the need for the safe integration of H-2 production systems with H-2 purification and storage technologies.

Automated summary

Hydrogen is gaining international recognition as a viable fuel route, and this review paper analyzes the recent developments and challenges in hydrogen production techniques, including conventional and renewable energy sources. Solar and wind are identified as potentially promising renewable energy sources for hydrogen production. The use of renewable sources derived from agricultural or other waste streams can improve flexibility and economics with minimal greenhouse gas emissions. Technological challenges in hydrogen production include feedstock type, conversion efficiency, and safe integration with purification and storage technologies.