Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ariadna Gomez-Vilarrubla, Berta Mas-Pares, Gemma Carreras-Badosa, Mariona Jove, Rebeca Berdun, Alexandra Bonmati-Santane, Francis de Zegher, Lourdes Ibanez, Abel Lopez-Bermejo, Judit Bassols
Summary: During pregnancy, the transfer of maternal polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) to the fetus through the placenta plays a role in the development of obesity. This study examined the associations between long chain PUFA (LC-PUFA) measured in the placenta at birth and obesity-related parameters in offspring at 6 years of age. A higher placental arachidonic acid/eicosapentaenoic acid ratio was found to be positively associated with visceral adiposity and obesity risk parameters, especially in subjects with higher expressions of placental fatty acid transporters. These findings emphasize the potential role of n-6 and n-3 LC-PUFA in the fetal programming of obesity risk in childhood.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Shitong Liang, Xuewei Yang, Xingyu Zhu, Muhammad Ibrar, Liangxu Liu, Siting Li, Xia Li, Tian Tian, Shuangfei Li
Summary: Disrupting the fatty acid beta-oxidation pathway through metabolic engineering in Aurantiochytrium sp. enables the construction of a high-yielding DHA production strain. Knockout of the 2,4-dienyl-CoA reductase gene resulted in increased neutral lipids and DHA production.
FRONTIERS IN MARINE SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Melanie Gsoellpointner, Margarita Thanhaeuser, Fabian Eibensteiner, Robin Ristl, Bernd Jilma, Renate Fuiko, Sophia Brandstetter, Angelika Berger, Nadja Haiden
Summary: This study analyzed the intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) during complementary feeding (CF) in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants and its impact on neurodevelopment. The results showed that higher intake of total PUFAs, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and arachidonic acid (AA) was associated with improved cognitive and motor function at 12 months of age. However, the dietary intake of AA and DHA did not meet the recommended levels, highlighting the need to increase PUFA, DHA, and AA intake during CF for better neurodevelopmental outcomes in VLBW infants.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Matthew G. Pontifex, Anneloes Martinsen, Rasha N. M. Saleh, Glenn Harden, Chris Fox, Michael Muller, David Vauzour, Anne-Marie Minihane
Summary: Female carriers of the APOE4 gene mutation are more likely to develop Alzheimer's disease compared to their male counterparts, and menopause may contribute to this. This study found that supplementing with DHA-enriched fish oil can mitigate the detrimental effects of menopause and the APOE4 gene mutation on cognitive function.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Hans Demmelmair, Berthold Koletzko
Summary: High obesity rates around the world point to an urgent need for effective obesity prevention measures. Animal studies suggest that the effects of essential polyunsaturated fatty acids on adipogenesis may be mediated through various mechanisms. Divergent findings from human clinical trials and observational studies suggest that recommendations for humans regarding PUFA and obesity risk are not yet possible.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
My Tuyen T. Nguyen, Jieun Kim, Nari Seo, A. Hyun Lee, Yong-Ki Kim, Ji A. Jung, Dan Li, Xuan Hong M. To, Khanh Trang N. Huynh, Thanh Van Le, Beenish Israr, Anum Nazir, Jung-A Seo, Daum Lee, Hyun Joo An, Jaehan Kim
Summary: The study found significant differences in human milk fatty acid compositions among different Asian countries, with Pakistani breast milk having high saturated fat content and low unsaturated fatty acids, indicating the need for DHA supplementation in infants. Additionally, the average DHA: ARA ratio in Asian human milk was 1.01.
JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Kristina Wendel, Marlen Fossan Aas, Gunnthorunn Gunnarsdottir, Madelaine Eloranta Rossholt, Marianne Bratlie, Tone Nordvik, Erlend Christoffer Sommer Landsend, Drude Fugelseth, Magnus Domello, Are Hugo Pripp, Tom Stiris, Sissel Jennifer Moltu
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the effect of supplementation with arachidonic acid (ARA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on respiratory outcomes and neonatal morbidities in preterm infants. The results showed that supplementation with ARA and DHA significantly reduced the duration of respiratory support and oxygen demand compared to the control group, without clinically important differences in the incidence of morbidities.
CLINICAL NUTRITION
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Deanne H. Hryciw, Courtney A. Jackson, Nirajan Shrestha, David Parsons, Martin Donnelley, Andrew J. McAinch
Summary: Essential fatty acid deficiency is common in Cystic Fibrosis (CF) patients, but pancreatic supplementation does not solve the issue, suggesting a different underlying pathology. Although the pathological mechanisms are largely unknown, CF animal models have been developed to study the molecular mechanisms associated with CF, including the relationship between CFTR and essential fatty acids. Further research is needed to fully understand the essential fatty acid status in these animal models and to identify the best model for developing therapeutics.
CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR LIFE SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Cory J. White, Jessica M. Ellis, Michael J. Wolfgang
Summary: Dietary lipid composition impacts brain morphology and neurologic function. Ethanolamine phosphate phospholyase (Etnppl) is identified as an astrocyte-specific fasting-induced gene, playing a key role in regulating brain phospholipids. Loss of Etnppl alters brain phospholipid profile, increasing PE abundance and polyunsaturated fatty acids, suggesting the enzyme's importance in brain lipid homeostasis.
JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Respiratory System
Leonardo Terranova, Patrizia Rise, Andrea Gramegna, Christian Pinna, Carlo Agostoni, Marie-Louise Syren, Stefano Turolo, Paola Marchisio, Francesco Amati, Stefano Aliberti, Angelo Sala, Francesco Blasi
Summary: The study found that pro-inflammatory mediators derived from arachidonic acid metabolism in sputum of bronchiectasis patients were positively associated with neutrophil elastase, Pseudomonas aeruginosa identifications, and radiological gravity index. On the other hand, pro-resolution mediators derived from docosahexaenoic acid were associated with better health status, showing an inverse correlation with radiological gravity index, bacterial infections, and sputum volume production.
RESPIRATORY RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Talat Bashir Ahmed, Merete Eggesbo, Rachel Criswell, Olaf Uhl, Hans Demmelmair, Berthold Koletzko
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between fatty acid (FA) and polar lipid species composition in human milk. The results showed that there were no differences in major FA, phosphatidylcholine, or sphingomyelin species percentages between milk with high or low fat content. However, milk with high fat content had lower ratios of phospholipid-to-total-FA and sphingomyelin-to-phosphatidylcholine compared to milk with low fat content.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Tomoaki Okada, Toru Miyoshi, Masayuki Doi, Kosuke Seiyama, Wataru Takagi, Masahiro Sogo, Kazumasa Nosaka, Masahiko Takahashi, Keisuke Okawa, Hiroshi Ito
Summary: This study aimed to retrospectively investigate the 10-year trend of changes in polyunsaturated fatty acids in patients with acute coronary syndrome, revealing a secular decreasing trend in EPA and DHA levels, but not in AA and DGLA levels. The decreasing trend in EPA and DHA levels was not age-dependent and remained significant only in men, highlighting the need for further research on the effects of n-3 PUFAs on secondary prevention of ACS.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Alemayehu Argaw, Kimberley P. Bouckaert, Mekitie Wondafrash, Patrick Kolsteren, Carl Lachat, Bruno De Meulenaer, Giles Hanley-Cook, Lieven Huybregts
Summary: This study evaluated the efficacy of fish-oil supplementation for lactating mothers in improving the n-3 LCPs content of human milk in a rural setting in Ethiopia. The results showed that the supplementation significantly increased the concentrations of DHA and EPA in human milk. However, the DHA concentrations in human milk remained lower than international norms after the supplementation.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Kaylee Hahn, Joseph R. Hardimon, Doug Caskey, Douglas A. Jost, Patrick J. Roady, J. Thomas Brenna, Ryan N. Dilger
Summary: The study found that the use of sodium and potassium salts of arachidonic acid was bioequivalent to triglyceride form in terms of ARA accretion in the brain and retinal tissue of young pigs. The experimental diets did not significantly affect growth performance, liver histology, or hematological outcomes compared to the control diet.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Toshiaki Sueyasu, Keisuke Yasumoto, Hisanori Tokuda, Yoshihisa Kaneda, Hidenori Obata, Tomohiro Rogi, Takayuki Izumo, Sumio Kondo, Jiro Saito, Takashi Tsukiura, Masaaki Nakai
Summary: Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs) and lutein (L) and zeaxanthin (Z) can improve brain function. This study aimed to determine if LCPUFAs + LZ-supplemented food could improve memory function. The results showed that LCPUFAs + LZ supplementation improved memory function in healthy older individuals with cognitive decline.