Autopsy-based histopathological characterization of myocarditis after anti-SARS-CoV-2-vaccination

Cases of myocarditis, diagnosed clinically by laboratory tests and imaging have been described in the context of mRNA-based anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. Autopsy-based description of detailed histological features of vaccine-induced myocarditis is lacking. We describe the autopsy findings and common characteristics of myocarditis in untreated persons who received anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. Standardized autopsies were performed on 25 persons who had died unexpectedly and within 20 days after anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. In four patients who received a mRNA vaccination, we identified acute (epi-) myocarditis without detection of another significant disease or health constellation that may have caused an unexpected death. Histology showed patchy interstitial myocardial T-lymphocytic infiltration, predominantly of the CD4 positive subset, associated with mild myocyte damage. Overall, autopsy findings indicated death due to acute arrhythmogenic cardiac failure. Thus, myocarditis can be a potentially lethal complication following mRNA-based anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. Our findings may aid in adequately diagnosing unclear cases after vaccination and in establishing a timely diagnosis in vivo, thus, providing the framework for adequate monitoring and early treatment of severe clinical cases. [GRAPHICS] .

Automated summary

This study describes autopsy findings of myocarditis in individuals who died unexpectedly after receiving anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. Acute myocarditis was identified in four patients who received mRNA vaccination, with no other significant diseases or health issues detected. Histological examination revealed T-lymphocytic infiltration in the myocardium, predominantly involving the CD4 positive subset, and mild myocyte damage. Overall, the findings indicate that myocarditis can be a potentially lethal complication following mRNA-based anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, and can help to diagnose unclear cases and establish timely in vivo diagnosis for monitoring and treating severe clinical cases.