Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Soyeon Yoo, Dongkyu Kim, Gwanpyo Koh
Summary: The study investigated changes in glucagon levels in people with diabetes after meal ingestion, finding that poorly controlled patients may have a greater increase in postprandial glucagon levels, which is not mediated by incretin.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
K. El, S. M. Gray, M. E. Capozzi, E. R. Knuth, E. Jin, B. Svendsen, A. Clifford, J. L. Brown, S. E. Encisco, B. M. Chazotte, K. W. Sloop, D. J. Nunez, M. J. Merrins, D. A. D'Alessio, J. E. Campbell
Summary: The study reveals that GIP enhances amino acid-stimulated glucagon secretion and plays a role in insulin secretion by promoting paracrine alpha to beta cell communication. Loss of GIPR activity in alpha cells prevents glucagon secretion in response to a meal stimulus, affecting insulin secretion and leading to glucose intolerance.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Long Teng, Tuchen Guan, Beibei Guo, Chao Ma, Ge Lin, Ronghua Wu, Man Xu, Mei Liu, Yan Liu
Summary: This study established an in vitro model to screen for genes involved in neurite outgrowth, and found that the GIP-GIPR axis can promote axonal outgrowth; the results showed that GIP significantly improved extension of axon.
BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Review
Cell Biology
Nadya M. Morrow, Antonio A. Hanson, Erin E. Mulvihill
Summary: Enteroendocrine cells play a crucial role in regulating nutrient intake and disposal through the production and secretion of peptides. Understanding the identity of cells expressing Glp1r, Glp2r, and Gipr in different models can provide insights into dysregulation seen in obesity and diabetes. Further research on G-protein coupled receptor circuits in the intestine and their alterations with high-fat diet feeding is also important in understanding metabolic diseases.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Gaber El-Saber Batiha, Hayder M. Al-kuraishy, Ali I. Al-Gareeb, Nada A. Ashour, Walaa A. Negm
Summary: In Covid-19 patients, variations in fasting blood glucose are considered a distinct risk factor for a negative prognosis. Tirazepatide (TZT), a dual GLP-1 and GIP receptor agonist, may be effective in managing Covid-19-induced hyperglycemia in both diabetic and non-diabetic patients.
INFLAMMOPHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Martin Haljeta Friedrichsen, Lars Endahl, Frederik Flindt Kreiner, Ronald Goldwater, Martin Kankam, Soren Toubro, Sune Boris Nygard
Summary: NNC9204-1177 (NN1177) is a glucagon/glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor co-agonist used for weight loss treatment. This study evaluated the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of NN1177 through three phase 1 trials. While NN1177 showed some efficacy in weight loss, it also presented several treatment-related safety signals.
MOLECULAR METABOLISM
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Florent X. Smit, Wijnand J. C. van der Velden, Husun S. Kizilkaya, Amalie Norskov, Michael Luckmann, Tobias N. Hansen, Alexander H. Sparre-Ulrich, Katrine Qvotrup, Thomas M. Frimurer, Mette M. Rosenkilde
Summary: The study investigates the structure and function of the GIP receptor (GIPR) and identifies key residues involved in ligand binding and receptor activation. The findings suggest that disrupting a specific salt bridge by GIPR antagonists can significantly reduce GIPR activation, providing insights for rational ligand design targeting the GIPR.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Xin-shang Wang, Yong-li Jiang, Liang Lu, Ban Feng, Xue Ma, Kun Zhang, Shao-yu Guan, Le Yang, Qing-yu Fan, Xiao-chen Zhu, Fan Yang, Jing-yu Qi, Liu-kun Yang, Xu-bo Li, Ming-gao Zhao, Wen Jiang, Zhen Tian, Shui-bing Liu
Summary: Chronic pain, often accompanied by anxiety disorders, is difficult to treat due to the exacerbating relationship between the two conditions. GIP, previously studied in neurodegenerative diseases, was found to have analgesic and anxiolytic effects in the treatment of chronic inflammatory pain and pain-related anxiety, possibly through attenuation of neuroinflammation and inhibition of excitatory transmission in the ACC. GIPR activation may be a promising target for future therapies.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Ying-Ying Yang, Yan-Tao Ren, Meng -Yu Jia, Chen-Yang Bai, Xiu-Ting Liang, Hui-Ling Gao, Man-Li Zhong, Tao Wang, Chuang Guo
Summary: Recent evidence suggests that human islet amyloid polypeptide (h-IAPP) may interact with A β or tau in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and have a potential therapeutic effect on neurodegenerative disorders with tauopathy, such as AD. Long-term h-IAPP treatment attenuated tau hyperphosphorylation levels, induced neuroinflammation and oxidative damage, prevented synaptic loss and neuronal degeneration, and alleviated behavioral deficits in a mouse model of tauopathy.
EXPERIMENTAL NEUROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Aya Yanagimoto, Yuji Matsui, Tohru Yamaguchi, Shinichiro Saito, Ryuzo Hanada, Masanobu Hibi
Summary: Epidemiologic studies have found that drinking green tea or coffee can reduce the risk of diabetes. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study showed that the combined ingestion of green tea catechins and coffee chlorogenic acid can alter postprandial gastrointestinal hormones secretion and improve insulin sensitivity. The effective minimum dose was found to be 540 mg of green tea catechins and 150 mg of coffee chlorogenic acid.
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Wathik Alsalim, Ola Lindgren, Bo Ahren
Summary: Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) are hormones released from the gut after meals, which enhance insulin secretion. This review discusses recent findings on the regulation of GIP and GLP-1 secretion after meal ingestion and their response to different nutrients.
JOURNAL OF DIABETES INVESTIGATION
(2023)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Yusuke Seino, Yuji Yamazaki
Summary: This article introduces the different roles of GIP and GLP-1 in glucose metabolism and weight regulation. GIP is mainly secreted in the upper small intestine, while GLP-1 is mainly secreted in the lower small intestine and colon. GIP promotes fat deposition while GLP-1 suppresses food consumption and gastric emptying.
JOURNAL OF DIABETES INVESTIGATION
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Seiichi Tomotaki, Ryosuke Araki, Kouji Motokura, Yutaro Tomobe, Takeru Yamauchi, Shintaro Hanaoka, Hiroko Tomotaki, Kougoro Iwanaga, Fusako Niwa, Junko Takita, Masahiko Kawai
Summary: This study found that the passage of ingested material through the digestive tract is not important for fetal secretion of GLP-1 and GIP, but enteral feeding plays a crucial role in the postnatal secretion of these incretins. Preprandial serum concentrations of GLP-1 and GIP in infants were positively correlated with the amount of enteral feeding, indicating the importance of nutrition in incretin secretion after birth.
JOURNAL OF DIABETES INVESTIGATION
(2021)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Sulayman Aslan Lyons, Jacqueline Leah Beaudry
Summary: GLP-1 receptor agonists are a medication alternative to bariatric surgery that can effectively combat metabolic diseases such as obesity and diabetes. Combining these agonists with other hormones has shown to further improve weight loss and metabolic health outcomes.
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Mariana Abdel-Malek, Lisa Yang, Alexander Dimitri Miras
Summary: Substantial progress has been made in drug discovery for tackling obesity and its metabolic co-morbidities. The understanding of gut-brain molecular pathways has led to the development of novel therapeutic agents with more effective weight-lowering potential. This paper reviews the clinical trials of Tirzepatide, a new twincretin drug, and explores other emerging therapies for chronic management of obesity.
INTERNAL AND EMERGENCY MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Xiao-Kuo He, Hui-Hua Liu, Shan-Jia Chen, Qian-Qian Sun, Guo Yu, Lei Lei, Zhen-Yuan Niu, Li-Dian Chen, Tsung-Hsun Hsieh
Summary: Acupuncture can reverse the LTP-like plasticity induced by iTBS in the contralateral motor cortex. Subsequent acupuncture may negatively affect the efficacy of acquiring learned skills in repetitive exercise training.
FRONTIERS IN NEURAL CIRCUITS
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Jiann-Her Lin, Yu-Wen Yu, Yu-Chia Chuang, Cheng-Han Lee, Chih-Cheng Chen
Summary: This study used two rat models of lumbar radiculopathy with different nerve injury sites and found that nerve constriction distal to the dorsal root ganglion led to more persistent pain behaviors, higher ATF3 expression, and more severe hypoxia compared to constriction proximal to the ganglion. These findings suggest that ATF3 expression in NHF-positive DRG neurons at the acute stage could be a potential biomarker for persistent pain in lumbar radiculopathy rat models.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Ching-Hsiang Fan, Kuo-Chen Wei, Nai-Hua Chiu, En-Chi Liao, Hsien-Chu Wang, Ruo-Yu Wu, Yi-Ju Ho, Hong-Lin Chan, Tsung-Shing Andrew Wang, Ying-Zu Huang, Tsung-Hsun Hsieh, Chin-Hsien Lin, Yu-Chun Lin, Chih-Kuang Yeh
Summary: Sonogenetics is a promising strategy for noninvasively activating targeted neurons in deep brain regions, but its therapeutic efficacy for long-term neurodegenerative diseases needs further validation. By genetically modifying dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson's disease (PD) mice to express mPrestin and using ultrasound stimulation, researchers successfully improved dopaminergic neurodegeneration by 10-fold and alleviated PD symptoms by 4-fold, indicating its potential for clinical treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Siti Ainun Marufa, Tsung-Hsun Hsieh, Jian-Chiun Liou, Hsin-Yung Chen, Chih-Wei Peng
Summary: The study investigated the effects of intermittent theta-burst stimulation (iTBS) on locomotor function, motor plasticity, and axonal regeneration in an animal model of incomplete spinal cord injury (SCI). Multiple sessions of iTBS treatment enhanced motor plasticity in all SCI rats, and iTBS treatment increased GAP-43 expression in the spinal cord, promoting axonal regeneration.
Article
Neurosciences
Chi-Wei Kuo, Ming-Yuan Chang, Hui-Hua Liu, Xiao-Kuo He, Shu-Yen Chan, Ying-Zu Huang, Chih-Wei Peng, Pi-Kai Chang, Chien-Yuan Pan, Tsung-Hsun Hsieh
Summary: The study applied a novel CES scheme with a theta-burst stimulation protocol in a weight drop-induced rat model of TBI and found that after 4 weeks of intervention, CES significantly improved the neurological, sensorimotor, and cognitive deficits caused by TBI, with a mitigating effect on the activation of GFAP in the hippocampus.
FRONTIERS IN NEURAL CIRCUITS
(2021)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Chi-Wei Kuo, Ming-Yuan Chang, Ming-Yi Chou, Chien-Yuan Pan, Chih-Wei Peng, Hui-Chiun Tseng, Tsu-Yi Jen, Xiao-Kuo He, Hui-Hua Liu, Thi Xuan Dieu Nguyen, Pi-Kai Chang, Tsung-Hsun Hsieh
Summary: This study investigated the therapeutic effects of cortical electrical stimulation (CES) in a rat model of Parkinson's disease (PD). The results demonstrated that early and long-term CES intervention could ameliorate motor dysfunction and exert neuroprotective effects in PD rats.
FRONTIERS IN AGING NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Tsung-Hsun Hsieh, Xiao-Kuo He, Hui-Hua Liu, Jia-Jin J. Chen, Chih-Wei Peng, Hao-Li Liu, Alexander Rotenberg, Ko-Ting Chen, Ming-Yuan Chang, Yung-Hsiao Chiang, Pi-Kai Chang, Chi-Wei Kuo
Summary: This study investigated the therapeutic effects of rTMS on hemiparkinsonian rats and found that four weeks of rTMS intervention significantly reduced the aggravation of PD-related symptoms post-6-OHDA lesion in rats. Immunohistochemical results showed that rTMS treatment group preserved TH-positive neurons in SNpc and fibers in the striatum. This suggests that long-term rTMS treatment might have clinical relevance and usefulness as an additional treatment approach in individuals with PD.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Man-Hau Ho, Chia-Hung Yen, Tsung-Hsun Hsieh, Tzu-Jen Kao, Jing-Yuan Chiu, Yung-Hsiao Chiang, Barry J. Hoffer, Wen-Chang Chang, Szu-Yi Chou
Summary: This study found that CCL5 plays an important role in activating GPX1 antioxidant activity during days 1-3 post-injury, protecting hippocampal neurons from ROS damage, and improving memory function after trauma.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Chun-Wei Wu, Jia-Jin Chen, Chou-Ching K. Lin, Chien-An Chen, Chun-Ie Wu, Ing-Shiou Hwang, Tsung-Hsun Hsieh, Bor-Shing Lin, Chih-Wei Peng
Summary: This study investigated the changes in brain tissue optical properties using frequency-domain near-infrared spectroscopy (FD-NIRS) and established the relationship between cerebral hemodynamics and infarct variation in a middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model. The results suggest that FD-NIRS parameters may be associated with the severity of the infarction and subsequent pathologies in MCAO.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Chellappan Praveen Rajneesh, Tsung-Hsun Hsieh, Hung-Chou Chen, Jian-Chiun Liou, Bor-Shing Lin, Chun-Wei George Wu, Chien-Hung Lai, Chih-Wei Peng
Summary: Bladder dysfunction in Parkinson's disease (PD) was studied using a rat model. The results showed a decrease in voiding efficiency and a more significant decrease in bilateral PD rats. The dysfunction was associated with a depletion of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra region of the brain.
JOURNAL OF THE FORMOSAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Chih-Kuan Wu, Yin-Chou Lin, Chi-Ping Lai, Hsin-Ping Wang, Tsung-Hsun Hsieh
Summary: This study found that dynamic taping can significantly improve landing strategy and knee laxity in athletes, with a more prominent effect in female athletes and high-risk athletes.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH
(2022)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Hsin-Yung Chen, Chia-Yen Yang, Tsung-Hsun Hsieh, Chih-Wei Peng, Li-Ling Chuang, Ying-Ling Chang, Huang-Ju Chi, Hsin-Min Lee, Sophie Hsin-Yi Liang
Summary: Behavioral flexibility, impaired in patients with ADHD, may be improved through transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). Animal studies using spontaneously hypertensive rats and Wistar-Kyoto rats as models demonstrated that tDCS treatment improved the reaction times and reduced trial omissions in set-shifting and reversal-learning tasks, suggesting its potential therapeutic efficacy in ADHD.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Shu-Yen Chan, Chi-Wei Kuo, Tsai-Tsen Liao, Chih-Wei Peng, Tsung-Hsun Hsieh, Ming-Yuan Chang
Summary: Foot drop is a common gait impairment characterized by the weakness of the foot dorsiflexors, resulting in the inability to raise the foot or toes during walking. The accurate prognosis and treatment protocols for foot drop are not well defined due to the heterogeneity of underlying lumbar spine disorders. In this study, a rat model of foot drop induced by ventral root avulsion (VRA) was developed, and detailed changes in gait pattern were recorded. The results showed significant changes in gait patterns in VRA rats compared to sham lesion rats, providing insights into compensatory changes and recovery in gait patterns.
FRONTIERS IN HUMAN NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Po-Chun Chu, Chen-Syuan Huang, Pi-Kai Chang, Rou-Shayn Chen, Ko-Ting Chen, Tsung-Hsun Hsieh, Hao-Li Liu
Summary: This study demonstrates the potential of weak ultrasound stimulation to induce long-lasting neuromodulatory effects and explores its application in future clinical neuromodulation.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Zhao Zhang, Bor-Shing Lin, Chun-Wei George Wu, Tsung-Hsun Hsieh, Jian-Chiun Liou, Yu-Ting Li, Chih-Wei Peng
Summary: The tTIS device uses DDS to generate sine wave potential and convert it to adjustable current. The device achieves electrical isolation of different channels and increases load capacity through a current transformer. In vivo experiments validate the feasibility of the device, indicating that the 2-pole arrangement may provide better cortical targeting.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NEURAL SYSTEMS AND REHABILITATION ENGINEERING
(2022)