The potential use of mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomes as microRNAs delivery systems in different diseases

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a group of small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression by targeting mRNA. Moreover, it has been shown that miRNAs expression are changed in various diseases, such as cancers, autoimmune disease, infectious diseases, and neurodegenerative Diseases. The suppression of miRNA function can be easily attained by utilizing of anti-miRNAs. In contrast, an enhancement in miRNA function can be achieved through the utilization of modified miRNA mimetics. The discovery of appropriate miRNA carriers in the body has become an interesting subject for investigators. Exosomes (EXOs) therapeutic efficiency and safety for transferring different cellular biological components to the recipient cell have attracted significant attention for their capability as miRNA carriers. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are recognized to generate a wide range of EXOs (MSC-EXOs), showing that MSCs may be effective for EXO generation in a clinically appropriate measure as compared to other cell origins. MSC-EXOs have been widely investigated because of their immune attributes, tumor-homing attributes, and flexible characteristics. In this article, we summarized the features of miRNAs and MSC-EXOs, including production, purification, and miRNA loading methods of MSC-EXOs, and the modification of MSC-EXOs for targeted miRNA delivery in various diseases.

Automated summary

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression by targeting mRNA. Changes in miRNA expression have been observed in various diseases. Anti-miRNAs can suppress miRNA function, while modified miRNA mimetics can enhance miRNA function. Exosomes (EXOs), specifically those derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSC-EXOs), have shown promise as miRNA carriers due to their therapeutic efficiency and safety. This article provides a summary of miRNAs and MSC-EXOs, including their production, purification, and miRNA loading methods, as well as the modification of MSC-EXOs for targeted miRNA delivery in different diseases.