Structural determinants of REMORIN nanodomain formation in anionic membranes

Remorins are a family of multigenic plasma membrane phosphoproteins involved in biotic and abiotic plant inter-action mechanisms, partnering in molecular signaling cascades. Signaling activity of remorins depends on their phosphorylation states and subsequent clustering into nanosized membrane domains. The presence of a coiled-coil domain and a C-terminal domain is crucial to anchor remorins to negatively charged membrane domains; however, the exact role of the N-terminal intrinsically disordered domain (IDD) on protein clustering and lipid interactions is largely unknown. Here, we combine chemical biology and imaging approaches to study the partitioning of group 1 remorin into anionic model membranes mimicking the inner leaflet of the plant plasma membrane. Using reconstituted membranes containing a mix of saturated and unsaturated phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylinositol phosphates, and sterol, we investigate the clustering of remorins to the membrane and monitor the formation of nanosized membrane domains. REM1.3 promoted membrane nanodomain organization on the exposed external leaflet of both spherical lipid vesicles and flat supported lipid bilayers. Our results reveal that REM1.3 drives a mechanism allowing lipid reorganization, leading to the formation of remorin-enriched nanodomains. Phosphorylation of the N-terminal IDD by the calcium protein kinase CPK3 influences this clustering and can lead to the formation of smaller and more disperse domains. Our work reveals the phosphate-dependent involvement of the N-terminal IDD in the remorin-mem-brane interaction process by driving structural rearrangements at lipid-water interfaces.

Automated summary

Remorins are a family of plasma membrane phosphoproteins involved in plant interaction mechanisms. Their signaling activity depends on phosphorylation and clustering into membrane domains. This study investigates the role of the intrinsically disordered domain (IDD) in remorin-membrane interaction. The results show that REM1.3 drives the formation of lipid-reorganized nanodomains and the phosphorylation of IDD influences clustering and domain formation.