Journal
APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE
Volume 606, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2022.154952
Keywords
Graphitic carbon nitride; Photoelectrochemical sensing; Breast cancer; 3D printed system; Miniaturized device
Categories
Funding
- Brazilian agency: FAPESP [2019/13514-9, 2019/01777-5, 2018/22214-6]
- Brazilian agency: CAPES [001, 88887.334689/2019-00]
- Brazilian agency: CNPq
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In this study, a miniaturized PEC system with enhanced catalytic activity of Au NPs decorated CN was used to detect the breast cancer biomarker CA15-3. The performance of the immunosensor was influenced by the size of the nanoparticles and the film architecture. Optimization of the sensing method allowed for effective detection of CA15-3.
Photoelectrochemical (PEC) sensors are promising for monitoring the environment and in clinical diagnosis, but their point-of-use application requires portable systems and materials with high photocatalytic activity. In this work, we extend the use of a recent miniaturized PEC system to detect the breast cancer biomarker carbohydrate antigen 15-3 (CA15-3) with the enhanced catalytic activity of graphitic carbon nitride (CN) decorated with gold nanoparticles (Au NPs). The performance of the immunosensor was highly dependent on the size of the nano -particles and on the film architecture. Optimized sensing of CA15-3 was reached with electrodeposited 13.1 nm Au NPs linked to a long-chain mercapto (11-mercaptoundecanoic acid), which allowed for an effective adsorption of antibodies. CA15-3 could be detected from 0.1 fg mL-1 to 10 ng mL-1, with detection limit of 0.04 fg mL-1. As a demonstration of the viability of the PEC immunosensor, the biomarker CA15-3 was detected in human serum with recovery values between 98 and 109%.
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