Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Tine Maria Hansen, Jens Brondum Frokjaer, Esben Bolvig Mark, Asbjorn Mohr Drewes
Summary: Research shows that both tapentadol and oxycodone can modulate the glutamatergic system at the supraspinal level in humans, leading to decreased glutamate/creatine levels in the brain regions studied.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Manabu Kubota, Yasuyuki Kimura, Masafumi Shimojo, Yuhei Takado, Joao M. N. Duarte, Hiroyuki Takuwa, Chie Seki, Hitoshi Shimada, Hitoshi Shinotoh, Keisuke Takahata, Soichiro Kitamura, Sho Moriguchi, Kenji Tagai, Takayuki Obata, Jin Nakahara, Yutaka Tomita, Masaki Tokunaga, Jun Maeda, Kazunori Kawamura, Ming-Rong Zhang, Masanori Ichise, Tetsuya Suhara, Makoto Higuchi
Summary: The study demonstrates that food intake and changes in plasma glucose levels dynamically alter metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 5 (mGluR5) ligand binding and glutamate levels in the human brain. These findings suggest a mechanistic link between food-associated glucose intake and glutamatergic tones in the brain, which can be accessed in vivo by bimodal PET and MRS techniques in both clinical and non-clinical settings.
JOURNAL OF CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW AND METABOLISM
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Shiori Honda, Yoshihiro Noda, Karin Matsushita, Ryosuke Tarumi, Natsumi Nomiyama, Sakiko Tsugawa, Yui Tobari, Nobuaki Hondo, Keisuke Saito, Masaru Mimura, Shinya Fujii, Shinichiro Nakajima
Summary: This study investigated the relationship between rhythm processing abilities and glutamatergic neurometabolites in the caudate. The results showed a negative correlation between glutamate and glutamine levels in the caudate and the production part of the Beat Saliency Test. This suggests that higher levels of glutamatergic neurometabolites in the caudate may contribute to rhythm processing, particularly the ability to produce meter in music precisely.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Xin-lu Cai, Cheng-cheng Pu, Shu-zhe Zhou, Yi Wang, Jia Huang, Simon S. Y. Lui, Arne Moller, Eric F. C. Cheung, Kristoffer H. Madsen, Rong Xue, Xin Yu, Raymond C. K. Chan
Summary: This study found that schizophrenia patients have sensory integration deficits which are positively correlated with anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) glutamate levels. Multimodal analysis showed that in a specific network, blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) activation and task-dependent functional connectivity (FC) have opposite correlations between schizophrenia patients and healthy controls.
PSYCHOLOGICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Psychiatry
Tiffany C. Ho, Giana I. Teresi, Jillian R. Segarra, Amar Ojha, Johanna C. Walker, Meng Gu, Daniel M. Spielman, Matthew D. Sacchet, Fei Jiang, Yael Rosenberg-Hasson, Holden Maecker, Ian H. Gotlib
Summary: This study found that peripheral inflammation in adolescents with depression can affect glutamate levels in the brain, and antioxidants like ascorbate may help mitigate the impact of inflammation on glutamate metabolism. The results underscore the importance of considering both immune and neural factors in studying depression, and highlight the potential role of anti-inflammatory compounds in alleviating the adverse effects of inflammation.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHIATRY
(2021)
Review
Psychiatry
Amanda Kiemes, Cathy Davies, Matthew J. Kempton, Paulina B. Lukow, Carly Bennallick, James M. Stone, Gemma Modinos
Summary: This study conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to explore the relationship between H-1-MRS glutamate and/or GABA levels and task-related fMRI signals in the healthy brain. Negative associations were found between local GABA levels and fMRI activation to visual tasks in the occipital lobe, and to emotion processing in the medial prefrontal cortex/ anterior cingulate cortex, while no significant association was found between mPFC/ACC glutamate levels and fMRI activation. Additionally, the review revealed negative associations between GABA levels and local brain activity, and positive associations between glutamate levels and distal brain activity, outside of the H-1-MRS sampling region.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHIATRY
(2021)
Article
Psychiatry
Ines Bernardino, Ana Dionisio, Ines R. Violante, Raquel Monteiro, Miguel Castelo-Branco
Summary: Excitatory/inhibitory imbalance has been suggested as a neurobiological substrate of the cognitive symptomatology in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). A study using a comprehensive approach combining MRS and TMS techniques found increased Glx levels and unchanged GABA+ levels in ASD adults. Additionally, exploratory TMS experiments revealed impaired inhibition in ASD. The study highlights the need for larger-scale investigations of the GABA system in ASD.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHIATRY
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Mitsuru Hashiguchi, Kazuhiro Tanaka, Hiroaki Nagashima, Yuichi Fujita, Hirotomo Tanaka, Masaaki Kohta, Tomoaki Nakai, Yoichi Uozumi, Masahiro Maeyama, Yuichiro Somiya, Eiji Kohmura, Takashi Sasayama
Summary: This study investigates the association between predicting epilepsy and metabolites in tumors using 3.0-T MRI and H-1-MRS. The results suggest that the Glu/tCr ratio in tumors has reliable predictive value for epilepsy. Pretreatment MRS is a minimally invasive and simple procedure that can provide useful information for glioblastoma patients.
WORLD NEUROSURGERY
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Katherine E. Odegaard, Victoria L. Schaal, Alexander R. Clark, Sneh Koul, Jagadesan Sankarasubramanian, Zhiqiu Xia, Melissa Mellon, Mariano Uberti, Yutong Liu, Andrew Stothert, Matthew Van Hook, Hanjun Wang, Chittibabu Guda, Steven J. Lisco, Gurudutt Pendyala, Sowmya Yelamanchili
Summary: Using a preclinical rodent model, the study investigated the impact of in utero and postnatal oxycodone exposure on offspring neurodevelopment and behavior. The findings indicated significant changes in key brain metabolites, synaptic currents, and gene expression associated with synaptic transmission, neurodevelopment, and addiction. Additionally, exposed offspring showed lower pain thresholds in adulthood, highlighting potential long-term developmental effects of opiates.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
George Zacharopoulos, Francesco Sella, Kathrin Cohen Kadosh, Uzay Emir, Roi Cohen Kadosh
Summary: This study investigated the relationship between test anxiety and the glutamate/GABA balance using magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The results showed that the glutamate/GABA balance is associated with current test anxiety levels and can predict future test anxiety. This relationship was observed during early childhood but not during later developmental stages.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Haidong Li, Xiuchao Zhao, Yujin Wang, Xin Lou, Shizhen Chen, He Deng, Lei Shi, Junshuai Xie, Dazhong Tang, Jianping Zhao, Louis-S Bouchard, Liming Xia, Xin Zhou
Summary: The recovery process of COVID-19 patients remains unclear, with some experiencing ongoing respiratory issues. Xe-129 MRI analysis reveals higher ventilation defects and longer gas-blood exchange time in COVID-19 patients, indicating lung function impairment during recovery.
Editorial Material
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Harald E. Moeller
Summary: Long-lasting activities with high demand in cognitive control result in cognitive fatigue, and the reason for control cost inflation is the necessity of recycling potentially toxic substances, specifically glutamate, which can accumulate extracellularly.
JOURNAL OF CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW AND METABOLISM
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Meng-Yun Wang, Max Korbmacher, Rune Eikeland, Alexander R. Craven, Karsten Specht
Summary: Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is a crucial method for measuring brain metabolite levels in vivo. While there have been studies on the reliability of certain metabolites, such as gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), there is a lack of research on other metabolites. This study found that NAA, tNAA, and tCr have the highest reliability with small coefficient of variability (CV), while Glu, Glx, mI, and tCho have moderate CV. Additionally, using water as a concentration reference is more reliable than using tCr, and time-of-day did not affect MRS measurements.
HUMAN BRAIN MAPPING
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Sarah Caldwell, Douglas L. Rothman
Summary: This review highlights the importance of H-1-MRS technology in identifying specific biomarkers for ALS and monitoring disease progression. The findings suggest that an increase in neuronal glutamate concentration and a decrease in GABA levels may be specific pathophysiological features of ALS, which could enhance the specificity of H-1-MRS detection and monitoring of ALS progression. Additional longitudinal studies are needed to further validate these findings and understand changes in ratios over time.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Psychiatry
Neetu Nair, John Patrick Hegarty II, Carmen Mihaela Cirstea, Meng Gu, Carrina Brooke Appling, David Quentin Beversdorf
Summary: This exploratory study investigated the association between glutamatergic levels and response to memantine in adults with ASD. The results suggest that baseline glutamatergic levels did not directly predict social outcomes in response to memantine, but interactions between glutamatergic levels and other neurometabolites may play a role in predicting treatment response. Individuals with highest baseline NAA and Cr+pCr levels were the best responders to memantine treatment. Extending these findings to larger samples in future studies is recommended.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHIATRY
(2022)
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Emily Steinkohl, Soren Schou Olesen, Tine Maria Hansen, Asbjorn Mohr Drewes, Jens Brondum Frokjaer
Summary: This study investigated the correlation between magnetic resonance elastography (MRE)-derived stiffness and T1 relaxation times with gland volume and pancreatic functions in patients with chronic pancreatitis (CP). The results showed a positive correlation between MRE-derived stiffness and T1 relaxation times, but no correlation was found between MRE-derived stiffness and gland volume. T1 relaxation time was correlated with gland volume in CP patients but not in the healthy controls. The study suggests that MRE-derived stiffness and T1 relaxation times may be useful for the non-invasive and early identification of CP.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Davide Bertoli, Esben Bolvig Mark, Donghua Liao, Christina Brock, Jens Brondum Frokjaer, Asbjorn Mohr Drewes
Summary: This study developed a detailed three-dimensional MRI model of the stomach to describe gastric volumes, surface areas, wall tension distribution, and interobserver agreement. The model provides a tool for evaluating gastric function and has important implications for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases such as diabetic gastroparesis.
NEUROGASTROENTEROLOGY AND MOTILITY
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Tiago Bouca-Machado, Stefan A. W. Bouwense, Martin Brand, Ihsan Ekin Demir, Jens Brondum Frokjaer, Pramod Garg, Peter Hegyi, J. -Matthias Lohr, Enrique de-Madaria, Soren Schou Olesen, Sanjay Pandanaboyana, Jan Bech Pedersen, Vinciane Rebours, Andrea Sheel, Vikesh Singh, Martin Smith, John A. Windsor, Dhiraj Yadav, Asbjorn Mohr Drewes
Summary: Acute on chronic pancreatitis (ACP) is a common condition, but there are significant gaps in our knowledge about it. Through a systematic review and expert consensus, a new definition of ACP was reached. Despite the poor evidence base, this position statement provides a foundation for the management of ACP.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Mikael Parhiala, Anne Waage, Povilas Ignatavicus, Jakob L. Poulsen, Engjom Trond, Georg Dimcevski, Ingrid Nordaas, Amer Hadi, Evangelos Kalaitzakis, Asbjorn M. Drewes, Camilla Nojgaard, Johanna Laukkarinen
Summary: This study aimed to determine the surgical treatment strategies for chronic pancreatitis (CP) in the Scandinavian and Baltic countries. The results showed that only 7% of CP patients underwent pancreatic surgery, with 51% of them undergoing surgery for chronic pain. After surgery, 47% of the patients were pain-free and half of the patients reported no pain.
Article
Substance Abuse
Ulrik Becker, Amalie Timmermann, Ola Ekholm, Morten Gronbaek, Asbjorn Mohr Drewes, Srdan Novovic, Camilla Nojgaard, Soren Schou Olesen, Janne Schurmann Tolstrup
Summary: This study analyzed the effects of drinking pattern and type of alcohol on the risk of acute and chronic pancreatitis. The results showed that increased alcohol intake was associated with increased development of pancreatitis. Frequent binge drinking and long-term drinking (daily drinking) were associated with the development of pancreatitis. The intake of large amounts of spirits and beer was associated with the development of acute and chronic pancreatitis, while the consumption of wine was not associated with the development of pancreatitis.
ALCOHOL AND ALCOHOLISM
(2023)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Tina Okdahl, Esben Bolvig Mark, Rasmus Bach Nedergaard, Cecilie Siggaard Knoph, Mathias Ellgaard Cook, Klaus Krogh, Asbjorn Mohr Drewes
Summary: Opium tincture, traditionally used for chronic diarrhea, has been found to decrease bowel movements and increase stool consistency without causing sedation. This controlled trial demonstrates that opium tincture has anti-propulsive properties in the healthy gut, making it a relevant and safe treatment option for chronic diarrhea.
BASIC & CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY & TOXICOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Toxicology
Charlotte Uggerhoj Andersen, Steffen Hansen, Kim Peder Dalhoff, Lars Peter Nielsen, Jorn Munkhof Moller, Anne Estrup Olesen
Summary: This study investigated the effects of a regulation in Denmark that limited the amount of paracetamol available without a prescription. The results showed a decrease in the number of paracetamol poisonings and cases involving ingestion of more than 20 g of paracetamol, as well as a lower occurrence of liver toxicity after the regulation. Other factors, such as increased public awareness, may also contribute to these changes. Additionally, the study found distinct differences between females and males in terms of age and intentional poisoning.
CLINICAL TOXICOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Johan Roikjer, Suganthiya Santhiapillai Croosu, Benn Falch Sejergaard, Tine Maria Hansen, Jens Brondum Frokjaer, Chris Bath Sondergaard, Ioannis N. Petropoulos, Rayaz A. Malik, Esben Nielsen, Carsten Dahl Morch, Niels Ejskjaer
Summary: The study examines the diagnostic accuracy of a novel perception threshold tracking technique in detecting small nerve fiber damage. The results show that perception threshold tracking has high diagnostic accuracy for identifying small nerve fiber loss, especially for corneal nerve fiber length (CNFL) with a sensitivity of 94%, specificity of 94%, positive predictive value of 97%, and negative predictive value of 89%. Compared to corneal confocal microscopy, perception threshold tracking has high diagnostic agreement and may be clinically useful for assessing small nerve fiber damage and early diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN).
JOURNAL OF DIABETES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Suganthiya S. Croosu, Mimoza Gjela, Johan Roikjer, Tine M. Hansen, Carsten D. Morch, Jens B. Frokjaer, Niels Ejskjaer
Summary: Previous studies suggest that cognitive impairment is more prevalent in individuals with painful and painless diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN). This study investigated cognitive function in adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and the association to painful/painless DPN and clinical parameters. The results showed that T1DM participants had lower cognitive scores and longer reaction times compared to healthy controls, and memory scores were lower in those with painless DPN.
ENDOCRINOLOGY DIABETES & METABOLISM
(2023)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Anne Estrup Olesen, Tanja Joest Vaever, Martin Simonsen, Peter Gaardbo Simonsen, Kirsten Hoj
Summary: Medication reviews focusing on deprescribing can reduce potentially inappropriate medication, but there is limited evidence on health-related outcomes. In a real-life quality improvement project, a general practitioner-led medication review intervention focusing on deprescribing was associated with increased self-reported health status without deterioration in general condition or functional level. The small sample size and lack of control group should be considered when interpreting the results.
BASIC & CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY & TOXICOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Rasmus Bach Nedergaard, Matthew Scott, Anne-Marie Wegeberg, Tina Okdahl, Joachim Starling, Birgitte Brock, Asbjarn Mohr Drewes, Christina Brock
Summary: This study used supervised machine learning to classify the severity of cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (CAN). The results showed that beat-to-beat measures, inflammation markers, disease-duration, and age were the most important features for characterizing CAN. It was suggested that monitoring cardiac reflex responses closely and targeting systemic low-grade inflammation could help diagnose and prevent the development of CAN.
CLINICAL NEUROPHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Samuel Azuz, Jakob Lykke Poulsen, Lars Vinter-Jensen, Anne Estrup Olesen
Summary: This article focuses on the absorption of various drugs in patients with short bowel syndrome, including the characteristics of the drugs and the pharmacokinetic findings. Understanding the patient's gastrointestinal anatomy, the absorptive capacity of the remaining bowel, and the physicochemical properties of the drugs is crucial for optimizing oral pharmacotherapy.
EXPERT OPINION ON DRUG METABOLISM & TOXICOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Serena Nauser, Emily Steinkohl, Soren Schou Olesen, Asbjorn Mohr Drewes, Jens Brondum Frokjaer
Summary: Magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) was used to investigate the co-existence of hepatic and pancreatic fibrosis in chronic pancreatitis (CP), as well as the association between hepatic and pancreatic stiffness. Results showed that 15% of CP patients had abnormal liver stiffness and 5.6% had F1 fibrosis. There was a positive association between hepatic and pancreatic stiffness, and alcoholic etiology of CP was associated with increased hepatic stiffness.
SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Mikael Parhiala, Camilla Nojgaard, Andreas Bartholdy, Anne Waage, Povilas Ignatavicius, Trond Engjom, Georg Dimcevski, Ingrid Kvale Nordaas, Evangelos Kalaitzakis, Asbjorn M. Drewes, Amer Hadi, Soren S. Olesen, Jakob L. Poulsen, Johanna Laukkarinen, Scandinavian Baltic Pancreatic Club
Summary: This study aimed to determine the frequency of endoscopic procedures (EP) in chronic pancreatitis (CP) patients and analyze their pain and quality of life (QoL) after the procedures. The study found that 20% of CP patients underwent EP, and these patients had higher QoL scores and improved symptoms. Patients who had pancreatic stenting had similar pain patterns to the reference population.
UNITED EUROPEAN GASTROENTEROLOGY JOURNAL
(2023)
