Article
Behavioral Sciences
Josefine Waldthaler, Mikkel C. Vinding, Allison Eriksson, Per Svenningsson, Daniel Lundqvist
Summary: Deficits in response inhibition are common in Parkinson's disease, leading to cognitive impairment and impulsive behaviors. This study used magnetoencephalography and eye-movement recordings to investigate the cortical dynamics during the mental preparation for the antisaccade task. The results show that alterations in prefrontal alpha and beta activity hinder proactive response inhibition, resulting in higher error rates and prolonged response latencies in Parkinson's disease.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Panagiota Tsitsi, Mattias Nilsson Benfatto, Gustaf Oqvist Seimyr, Olof Larsson, Per Svenningsson, Ioanna Markaki
Summary: This study evaluated eye movements in Parkinson's disease patients and healthy controls, finding that pupil size and longest fixation period were independently associated with diagnosis. Further studies are needed to confirm the diagnostic value of eye-tracking parameters integrated into the screening of PD patients.
JOURNAL OF PARKINSONS DISEASE
(2021)
Article
Biology
Christian H. Poth
Summary: In urgent situations, behavior tends to be driven by external stimuli rather than individual goals, affecting both eye movements and manual tasks. This phenomenon is not specific to eye movement control mechanisms, but rather a general overcoming of cognitive control by urgency.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Vivian Castillo de Lima, Luz Albany Arcila Castano, Ricardo Aurelio Carvalho Sampaio, Priscila Yukari Sewo Sampaio, Camila Vieira Ligo Teixeira, Marco Carlos Uchida
Summary: Agility training is essential for improving neuromuscular performance and balance in older adults. This study examined the physical and cognitive effects of an agility ladder training program on healthy older adults. The results showed that only the group that received cognitive training alongside agility training showed improvements in cognitive function, while the group that only performed agility training saw improvements in physical performance.
FRONTIERS IN PUBLIC HEALTH
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Wivine Blekic, Erika Wauthia, Monika Kornacka, Kendra Kandana Arachchige, Laurent Lefebvre, Mandy Rossignol
Summary: The study found that individuals with PTSD demonstrate enhanced attention towards emotional information, along with difficulty in inhibitory control. This may lead to a generalization of fear stimuli and affect information processing such as reaction times.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHOTRAUMATOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Psychology
Sofia Krasovskaya, Arni Kristjansson, W. Joseph MacInnes
Summary: Microsaccade rates are lower during antisaccade tasks compared to regular saccades, indicating the suppression of the oculomotor system during the execution of planned eye movements.
ATTENTION PERCEPTION & PSYCHOPHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Elisa Aust, Sven-Thomas Graupner, Rene Guenther, Katharina Linse, Markus Joos, Julian Grosskreutz, Johannes Prudlo, Sebastian Pannasch, Andreas Hermann
Summary: This study compared reflexive and executive oculomotor function between three groups: advanced ALS patients in iLIS, early to middle stage ALS patients, and healthy subjects, using an eye tracking test battery. The results showed significant deteriorations in oculomotor functions in ALS patients, with stronger impairments in iLIS. These findings reveal a relevant deterioration of important oculomotor functions in ALS, particularly in advanced stages, which could serve as clinically relevant biomarkers and progression markers.
JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Naila Ayala, Matthew Heath
Summary: This study found that a single bout of aerobic exercise can improve executive function, and this improvement is related to an executive-mediated shift in physiological and/or psychological arousal, supported by the locus coeruleus norepinephrine system to optimize task engagement.
Article
Neurosciences
Heather Fielding-Gebhardt, Shannon E. Kelly, Kathryn E. Unruh, Lauren M. Schmitt, Stormi L. Pulver, Pravin Khemani, Matthew W. Mosconi
Summary: This study examined motor and cognitive traits in aging premutation carriers and found that both male and female carriers show a reduced ability to exert volitional control over prepotent responses. The quantitative differences in oculomotor behavior may track with FXTAS-related degeneration in premutation carriers.
FRONTIERS IN HUMAN NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Benjamin Tari, Chloe Edgar, Priyanka Persaud, Connor Dalton, Matthew Heath
Summary: Cognitive flexibility is an important aspect of executive function that allows individuals to switch between different tasks. This study examined the cost associated with switching between prosaccade and antisaccade tasks in predictable and unpredictable switching paradigms. The results showed that reaction times for a prosaccade task preceded by an antisaccade task were longer than when preceded by another prosaccade task. This suggests that the inertia of the antisaccade task persists and has a persistent influence on prosaccade reaction times.
EXPERIMENTAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Biological
Steven M. Gillespie, Ian J. Mitchell, Anthony R. Beech, Pia Rotshtein
Summary: The study found that sex offenders without child victims spent more time looking at the eyes when viewing facial expressions and scored higher on psychopathy linked disinhibition. These findings have implications for understanding socio-affective dysfunction in sexual offenders.
BIOLOGICAL PSYCHOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Masako Yoshida, Akitoshi Seiyama
Summary: This study conducted a two-dimensional gaze analysis to investigate the causes of reading difficulties in patients with retinitis pigmentosa. The results showed that impaired eye movement directionality, visual acuity, and narrowing of the visual field all played important roles in reading difficulties.
Article
Neurosciences
Olivia G. Calancie, Donald C. Brien, Jeff Huang, Brian C. Coe, Linda Booij, Sarosh Khalid-Khan, Douglas P. Munoz
Summary: Humans adjust their movements from reacting to predicting the timing of a periodic stimulus. Saccade behavior changes across development, with predictive saccades showing differences in peak velocity, amplitude, pupil size, and blink occurrence compared to reactive saccades. The maturation of cerebellar-thalamic-striatal pathways may explain the differences in predictive saccades for fast and slow target rates.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Chloe Bedard, Emily Bremer, Jeffrey D. Graham, Daniele Chirico, John Cairney
Summary: This study aimed to compare the cognitive effects of a combined physically and cognitively engaging physical activity to physical or cognitive activity alone in children. The results showed no significant difference in cognitive performance between different types of activities. Possible explanations include overexertion during physical activity and depletion of positive affect prior to cognitive tasks.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Neuroimaging
Matthew Lehet, Ivy F. Tso, Sebastiaan F. W. Neggers, Ilse A. Thompson, Beier Yao, Rene S. Kahn, Katharine N. Thakkar
Summary: This study compared the effective connectivity within the oculomotor control network between individuals with schizophrenia and healthy controls, revealing lower efficiency in inhibition and different patterns of brain connectivity in schizophrenia patients. These findings provide insight into the neural mechanisms underlying inefficient inhibitory control in individuals with schizophrenia.
NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL
(2021)
Article
Psychology
Junyi Zhou, Xingshan Li
Summary: Through two eye-tracking experiments, it was found that Chinese readers tend to segment and integrate incremental words as a whole unit when they are plausible, but segment the embedded words as independent words when the incremental words are implausible.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY-LEARNING MEMORY AND COGNITION
(2021)
Article
Psychology
Junjuan Gu, Junyi Zhou, Yaqian Bao, Jiayu Liu, Manuel Perea, Xingshan Li
Summary: Previous research in alphabetic languages has shown that both position and distance modulate letter position encoding during reading. This study examines these effects during Chinese reading and finds that both the initial character position and transposed-character distance have robust effects on reading times, suggesting their importance in accessing lexical information.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY-LEARNING MEMORY AND COGNITION
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Social
Shen Wang, Junzhou Xu, Qian Yu, Junyi Zhou
SOCIAL BEHAVIOR AND PERSONALITY
(2019)
Article
Education & Educational Research
Junyi Zhou, Guojie Ma, Xingshan Li, Marcus Taft
READING AND WRITING
(2018)