4.7 Article

Effect of COVID-19 pandemic on diagnosis and treatment of thyroid cancer in Brazil

Journal

FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
Volume 13, Issue -, Pages -

Publisher

FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.995329

Keywords

thyroid carcinoma; COVID-19; fine-needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy; thyroidectomies; radioiodine (131I) treatment

Funding

  1. Rio Grande do Sul Research Support Foundation (FAPERGS)
  2. Research Incentive Fund of the Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre (FIPE/HCPA)
  3. Programa Institucional de Bolsas de Iniciacao Cientifica da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (PIBIC/UFRGS)

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Restrictions during the COVID-19 pandemic significantly reduced diagnostic and treatment procedures for thyroid cancer in Brazil. FNABs, oncologic thyroidectomies, and RAI therapies all experienced a decrease in both 2020 and 2021, with the most pronounced reductions observed in 2020.
Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic delayed the diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up visits of patients with thyroid cancer. However, the magnitude with which these restrictions affected the Brazilian health care is still unknown. Methods: Retrospective analysis of thyroid cancer-related procedures performed in the Brazilian public health system from 2019 to 2021. Data were retrieved from the Department of Informatics of the Unified Health System (DATASUS). The following procedures were evaluated: fine-needle aspiration biopsies (FNABs), oncologic thyroidectomies, and radioiodine (RAI) therapies for thyroid cancer. The year of 2019 served as baseline control. Results: Compared with 2019, FNABs, oncologic thyroidectomies, and RAI therapies performed in 2020 decreased by 29%, 17% and 28%, respectively. In 2021, compared with 2019, FNABs increased by 2%, and oncologic thyroidectomies and RAI therapies decreased by 5% and 25%, respectively. Most pronounced reductions were observed in the first months of the pandemic. In April 2020, FNABs decreased by 67%, oncologic thyroidectomies by 45%, and RAI therapies by 75%. In 2021, RAI therapies were the only procedure with a statistically significant decrease. Conclusion: The restrictions to public health care during the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in a significant reduction in diagnostic and treatment procedures for thyroid cancer in Brazil. The effects of these transitory gaps in thyroid cancer care, due to COVID-19, are still unclear.

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