Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Maihemuti Yakufu, Zongliang Wang, Jianguo Liu, Peibiao Zhang
Summary: Porous polyether ether ketone (PEEK) scaffolds with hydroxyapatite (HA) layer coated on the pore wall surface were prepared using a sacrificial porogen of HA-coated sodium chloride (NaCl) microspheres. The PEEK@HA scaffolds exhibited superior in vitro biomineralization and in vivo osseointegration, providing a facile manufacturing strategy for integratedly fabricating bio-nic porous PEEK scaffolds with a mineralized coating layer.
MATERIALS & DESIGN
(2022)
Article
Polymer Science
Jinghui Yang, Jun Xie, Kaipeng Ji, Xianghong Wang, Xiaolong Jiao, Zhinong Xu, Peng Zhao
Summary: Microcellular PEEK was prepared by injection molding and the effects of process parameters on its properties were studied. Two types of microcellular PEEK with good performance were obtained after optimization, and the effect of carbon fiber was preliminarily investigated.
Article
Materials Science, Characterization & Testing
Nan Jiang, Peijie Tan, Miaomiao He, Jie Zhang, Dan Sun, Songsong Zhu
Summary: In this study, graphene nanoplatelet reinforced PEEK composites were fabricated and evaluated for their mechanical properties, biocompatibility, and bone repair function. The results showed that adding graphene significantly enhances the material's toughness and promotes adhesion and differentiation of rat bone marrow stromal cells.
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Mohamed H. Hassan, Abdalla M. Omar, Evangelos Daskalakis, Bruce Grieve, Paulo J. D. S. Bartolo
Summary: A preliminary study was conducted on the solubility and electrospinnability of PETG using a range of solvent systems. Electrospun PETG fibers were successfully produced and demonstrated for the first time the ability to support the inoculation and germination of yellow rust spores, making it an ideal material for agriculture biosensors.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOPRINTING
(2023)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Naresh Kumar, Sridharan Alathur Ramakrishnan, Keith Gerard Lopez, Sirisha Madhu, Miguel Rafael D. Ramos, Jerry Ying Hsi Fuh, James Hallinan, Colum P. Nolan, Lorin M. Benneker, Balamurugan A. Vellayappan
Summary: Instrumentation in metastatic spine tumor surgery (MSTS) plays a crucial role in providing stability to the spinal column. Titanium, the current material of choice, poses challenges in radiotherapy planning due to artifacts it generates, while PEEK, an emerging alternative, offers minimal stress shielding but lacks bioactivity and rigidity. Surface modification and composite formation may improve the bioactivity and mechanical properties of PEEK implants. Despite difficulties in handling, PEEK and modified PEEK implants show promise for future development in MSTS.
WORLD NEUROSURGERY
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Khaja Moiduddin, Syed Hammad Mian, Sherif Mohammed Elseufy, Hisham Alkhalefah, Sundar Ramalingam, Abdul Sayeed
Summary: This study aims to quantitatively assess a custom porous PEEK implant for cranial reconstruction and evaluate its fitting accuracy. The results show that the implant has good strength and stability, with minimal deviation from the normal skull.
JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL BIOMATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Polymer Science
Ruoxiang Gao, Jun Xie, Jinghui Yang, Chaojie Zhuo, Jianzhong Fu, Peng Zhao
Summary: By conducting single factor experiments, the impact of raster angle and infill density on PEEK parts was determined, while orthogonal experiments were used to analyze the effects of printing speed, nozzle temperature, and other parameters. Through optimization, significant reductions in warpage deformation and improvements in tensile strength were achieved, supporting the development of FDM for PEEK.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Jinghui Yang, Jun Xie, Kaipeng Ji, Xianghong Wang, Xiaolong Jiao, Zhinong Xu, Peng Zhao
Summary: Microcellular PEEK with a weight reduction of 49.6% was prepared by mold-opening microcellular injection molding (MOMIM). Incremental holding time and holding pressure could increase PEEK's density and promote the formation of dense cells, improving mechanical properties.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY-JMR&T
(2022)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Rupak Dua, Onessa Sharufa, Joi Terry, William Dunn, Indu Khurana, Jagasivamani Vadivel, Yue Zhang, Henry J. Donahue
Summary: In this study, a porous PEEK structure was developed using a chemical etching method, and three post-treatments were performed to improve bone cell adhesion and proliferation. Surface characterization showed that the treated groups had porous structures with increased roughness and different surface chemistry. Cell toxicity decreased, and alkaline phosphatase activity increased, indicating enhanced osteoblastic cell differentiation and osteogenic potential.
FRONTIERS IN BIOENGINEERING AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Mechanics
Bowen Wang, Shundong Yu, Jian Mao, Yaohui Wang, Mengjia Li, Xiping Li
Summary: Short basalt fiber reinforced PEEK composites exhibit increased surface roughness, decreased friction coefficient, and the lowest specific wear rate, along with good ultimate tensile strength and elongation at break. Thermal and rheological behaviors of the composites were also investigated to understand the effect of basalt fiber on the crystallization performance and flow abilities of PEEK composites.
COMPOSITE STRUCTURES
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Manufacturing
Jing Pu, Claire McIlroy, Arthur Jones, Ian Ashcroft
Summary: By conducting DMA analysis on the mechanical properties of PEEK single filament walls constructed using FFF under different printing conditions, differences were identified. A non-isothermal quiescent crystallization model was used to understand the findings, and a correlation between predicted crystal fraction and storage modulus was established.
ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING
(2021)
Article
Biophysics
Chongxing Liu, Zhuo Huang, Jinlei Zhu, Xiangzhi Liu, Bingbing Zhu, Dongyang Zheng, Bingqian Yang, Ran Tao, Chenxi Cai, Xiao Chen, Jinsong Liu, Zhennan Deng
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the cytotoxicity and sustainable antibacterial activity of unmodified PEEK under specific wavelength light treatment (365 nm), and discussed its antibacterial mechanism. PEEK was irradiated with near-ultraviolet light (365 nm, 5 W, 30 min, 100 mm distance). Cell experiments showed no cytotoxicity of PEEK. Antibacterial tests revealed significant antibacterial effects against Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus gordonii, and Streptococcus sanguis, but no effect against Escherichia coli. Spectrophotometry confirmed the existence of singlet oxygen, and lactate dehydrogenase assay verified the membrane rupture of Staphylococcus aureus. The water contact angle of PEEK did not change significantly after 15 cycles of light treatment. Cyclic antibacterial experiments demonstrated sustainable antibacterial effects. In conclusion, this study showed that PEEK exhibits good cytocompatibility and stable antibacterial properties under near-ultraviolet light, providing a new solution for its non-antibacterial nature and supporting its further application in dentistry.
COLLOIDS AND SURFACES B-BIOINTERFACES
(2023)
Review
Engineering, Biomedical
Junfeng Chen, Guangxiu Cao, Linhao Li, Qiang Cai, Nicholas Dunne, Xiaoming Li
Summary: Bone damage requires the use of bone implant materials for treatment, and polyether ether ketone (PEEK) has been considered as a next-generation material due to its advantages. However, modification is needed to improve its integration with adjacent bones. This systematic review summarizes the recent advances and application prospects of PEEK modification as bone implants, and discusses remaining challenges.
BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Hongyun Ma, Hao Han, Xiaoming Zhao, Junping Ma, Xiaoyan Qu, Xiaoxiao Lou, Angxiu Suonan, Bo Lei, Yingang Zhang
Summary: A multifunctional PEEK implant (PEEK-PDA-BGNs) with good mechanics-adaptability, biomineralization ability, immunoregulation ability, antibacterial activity, and osteogenic activity, is constructed by surface deposition of polydopamine-bioactive glass nanoparticles (PDA-BGNs) on PEEK. PEEK-PDA-BGNs can improve the osseointegration and osteogenesis ability of PEEK implants, induce the M2 phenotype polarization of macrophages, and show good photothermal antibacterial activity against E. coli and MRSA.
ADVANCED HEALTHCARE MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Polymer Science
Sunil Kumar Vaddamanu, Fahad Hussain Alhamoudi, Saurabh Chaturvedi, Nasser M. Alqahtani, Mohamed Khaled Addas, Mohammad Al Alfarsi, Rajesh Vyas, Masroor Ahmed Kanji, Mohammad A. Zarbah, Waleed M. S. Alqahtani, Saeed M. Alqahtani, Adel M. Abdelmonem, Asim Elsir Elmahdi
Summary: This study compared the retentive forces and fitting surface deformation of PEEK and Co-Cr clasps. The results showed that Co-Cr clasps had higher initial and final retentive forces, while PEEK clasps had lower deformation. PEEK clasps with 1.5mm thickness and 0.25mm undercut had the least deformation.
Article
Thermodynamics
Theodoros Marinopoulos, Lorenzo Zani, Simin Li, Vadim V. Silberschmidt
Summary: Modern developments in biomedical applications require a better understanding of the mechanical behavior of soft biological tissues. This study focuses on numerical simulation parameters for modeling the indentation of a human lower limb, and evaluates the effect of boundary conditions on the model size. The results show a high sensitivity of reaction forces to the direction of indentation misalignments. The research aims to improve our understanding of the mechanical behavior of soft tissues based on numerical methods, supporting the analysis of their mechanical properties and the development of orthopedic and medical procedures.
CONTINUUM MECHANICS AND THERMODYNAMICS
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Dan-Andrei Serban, Gabriel Furtos, Liviu Marsavina, Corina Sosdean, Radu Negru
Summary: This work investigates the mechanical behavior of composite materials consisting of fly ash-based geopolymer reinforced with wood fibers under compressive and flexural loadings, and calibrates constitutive models for the geopolymer using experimental data.
CONTINUUM MECHANICS AND THERMODYNAMICS
(2023)
Article
Computer Science, Software Engineering
Evgeniy Kononov, Mikhail Tashkinov, Vadim V. Silberschmidt
Summary: This paper presents an algorithm based on the neural network operating on a principle of generative adversarial learning for stochastic reconstruction of three-dimensional material microstructure from its single two-dimensional cross-sectional image. The introduction of reconstruction error, which is invariant to translational and rotational transformations, helps improve the stability of neural network training and the quality of generated structures. The use of variational autoencoder also aids in extracting useful features and providing additional information for accurate structure reconstruction.
COMPUTER-AIDED DESIGN
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Evgeniy Kononov, Andrey Klyuev, Mikhail Tashkinov
Summary: This study proposes a binary classification approach to predict the remaining useful life (RUL) of mechanical systems. Tests conducted on the C-MAPSS sample dataset show that the proposed approach achieves almost maximal performance threshold. The explainability of artificial intelligence (XAI) using the SHAP feature contribution estimation method is also investigated.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Khurshid Alam, Sayyad Zahid Qamar, Muhammad Iqbal, Sujan Piya, Mahmood Al-Kindi, Asim Qureshi, Ahmed Al-Ghaithi, Badar Al-Sumri, Vadim V. V. Silberschmidt
Summary: This study investigates the effect of wear of surgical drill bits on their performance. The surface quality of the drill was found to influence the bone temperature, the axial force, the torque and the extent of biological damage around the drilling region. A worn drill produced excessive heat, causing thermal necrosis comparable to the thickness of an adult human bone wall. Statistical analysis reveals that a sharp drill bit, medium drilling speed and shallow depth are favorable for safe drilling in bone. Further research is recommended to establish a relationship between surface integrity of a surgical drill bit and the irreversible damage it can induce in delicate bone tissues using different drill sizes and parameters.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Polymer Science
Yasasween Hewavidana, Mehmet N. Balci, Andrew Gleadall, Behnam Pourdeyhimi, Vadim V. Silberschmidt, Emrah Demirci
Summary: The analysis of fibrous structures using micro-computer tomography (μCT) is important as it allows for characterization of material properties. This study aims to compute fiber crimp in different random fibrous networks (RFNs) based on μCT data. A parametric algorithm was developed and successfully tested on six different X-ray μCT models of nonwoven fabrics.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Meng Han, Chuwei Zhou, Vadim V. Silberschmidt, Qinsheng Bi
Summary: Carbon/carbon composites are widely used in re-entry engineering applications due to their excellent mechanical properties, but they are prone to oxidation in the presence of oxygen. This study proposes a microscale degradation model to predict the oxidation behavior and evaluate the residual mechanical properties of the oxidized composite theoretically. A numerical strategy is used to investigate the oxidation mechanism and the results show a decrease in mechanical properties of the composite after oxidation. Stress redistribution and increased stress areas facilitate oxygen diffusion into the matrix and fibers.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Minghua Cao, Konstantinos P. P. Baxevanakis, Vadim V. V. Silberschmidt
Summary: This study investigates the effect of graphite morphology on the thermomechanical performance of Compacted Graphite Iron (CGI) under high temperatures using three-dimensional finite-element models. The results contribute to a better understanding of the correlation between graphite morphology and CGI fracture mechanisms under high temperatures.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Yogeshvaran R. Nagarajan, Farukh Farukh, Vadim V. Silberschmidt, Karthikeyan Kandan, Radheshyam Rathore, Amit Kumar Singh, Pooja Mukul
Summary: Traditional prosthetic sockets made of composite materials are often unavailable or too expensive for amputees in less-resourced nations. This study investigates the feasibility of using PET fiber-reinforced composites as a low-cost sustainable alternative. The results show that PET-woven and PET-knitted composites have superior mechanical properties compared to traditional socket materials like PP and HDPE. Therefore, it can be concluded that PET-based composites can replace monolithic socket materials in producing durable and affordable prostheses.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Norman Osa-uwagboe, Amadi Gabriel Udu, Vadim V. Silberschmidt, Konstantinos P. Baxevanakis, Emrah Demirci
Summary: This study investigated the damage mechanism and energy-absorption characteristics of E-glass laminates and sandwich structures with GFRP face sheets with PVC cores under quasi-static indentation. The results showed significant differences in specific energy absorption for different indenter shapes, and the clustering technique applied to acoustic emission signals was able to detect the main damaged modes. These findings provide insights for the optimization and prediction of damage in composite materials.
Article
Polymer Science
Mikhail Tashkinov, Anastasia Tarasova, Ilia Vindokurov, Vadim V. Silberschmidt
Summary: This study focuses on the deformation behavior of composites with auxetic lattice structures as a matrix, investigating the effect of filler properties on the mechanical behavior. Numerical models were developed and experiments were conducted to analyze the effects and the failure probability of the composites.
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Daria A. Dolgikh, Mikhail A. Tashkinov, Vadim V. Silberschmidt
Summary: Advanced technologies are necessary to create exoprosthetic limbs for current orthopaedic challenges. The orthopaedic socket plays a crucial role in the functionality and speed of patient recovery. Additive manufacturing and numerical modelling can be used to create tailored orthopaedic sockets with properties specific to each patient's needs. The study of mechanics of structured composites is important in achieving pressure redistribution by controlling the internal architecture of the prosthesis.
MULTISCALE AND MULTIDISCIPLINARY MODELING EXPERIMENTS AND DESIGN
(2023)
Article
Polymer Science
Evgeniy Lobov, Anastasia Dobrydneva, Ilia Vindokurov, Mikhail Tashkinov
Summary: This study investigated the effect of short carbon fiber (SCF) filler on the mechanical properties of 3D-printed acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS). Tensile and bending tests were conducted to compare the elastic properties and strength characteristics of conventional ABS and SCF-reinforced ABS samples. Fracture toughness and critical strain energy release rate were also determined. Microcomputed tomography (micro-CT) was used to analyze the internal structure of 3D-printed monofilament SCF-reinforced samples.
Article
Engineering, Manufacturing
Chen Zhang, Xiaoxue Wang, Vadim V. Silberschmidt
Summary: In order to overcome the limited vibration performance of current vibration-assisted drilling (VAD) schemes for carbon-fiber-reinforced plastic (CFRP), a novel longitudinal-torsional complex-mode ultrasonic vibration-assisted actuator with single excitation and an elliptical locus is proposed. The actuator utilizes a piezoelectric transducer and a stepped horn with spiral grooves to deliver elliptical vibration and ensure high vibration performance of a tool tip. The actuation mechanism and design process of the actuator are discussed, and its vibration characteristics are verified through finite-element simulation and experimental modal analysis. It is demonstrated that the actuator achieves longitudinal-torsional elliptical vibration and improves the drilling performance of CFRP.
MACHINING SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
