Journal
ADVANCED ENERGY MATERIALS
Volume 12, Issue 48, Pages -Publisher
WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
DOI: 10.1002/aenm.202202868
Keywords
inverted perovskite solar cells; molecular design; ligands; non-radiative recombination; surface manipulation
Categories
Funding
- EPSRC standard research [EP/V027131/1]
- Newton Advanced Fellowship [192097]
- China Scholarship Council (CSC) [201706020158, 201808370197]
- European Commission H2020 CORNET program [760949]
- Equal Opportunities Foundation Hong Kong
- National Key Research and Development Program of China [2019YFB1503500]
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology [201901]
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Functional Materials [FJPFM-201902]
- University of Surrey DCSA3 scholarship
- EPSRC SPECIFIC IKC [EP/N020863/1]
- UK EPSRC [EP/S009213/1]
- EPSRC
- Royal Society
- Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) [EP/V027131/1, EP/R023980/1]
- European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (HYPERION) [756962]
- Tata Group [UF150033]
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This study demonstrates that a strong-interaction surface modulator can reduce interfacial recombination losses in inverted perovskite solar cells (IPSCs), leading to improved efficiency and stability.
Successful manipulation of halide perovskite surfaces is typically achieved via the interactions between modulators and perovskites. Herein, it is demonstrated that a strong-interaction surface modulator is beneficial to reduce interfacial recombination losses in inverted (p-i-n) perovskite solar cells (IPSCs). Two organic ammonium salts are investigated, consisting of 4-hydroxyphenethylammonium iodide and 2-thiopheneethylammonium iodide (2-TEAI). Without thermal annealing, these two modulators can recover the photoluminescence quantum yield of the neat perovskite film in contact with fullerene electron transport layer (ETL). Compared to the hydroxyl-functionalized phenethylammonium moiety, the thienylammonium facilitates the formation of a quasi-2D structure onto the perovskite. Density functional theory and quasi-Fermi level splitting calculations reveal that the 2-TEAI has a stronger interaction with the perovskite surface, contributing to more suppressed non-radiative recombination at the perovskite/ETL interface and improved open-circuit voltage (V-OC) of the fabricated IPSCs. As a result, the V-OC increases from 1.11 to 1.20 V (based on a perovskite bandgap of 1.63 eV), yielding a power conversion efficiency (PCE) from approximate to 20% to 21.9% (stabilized PCE of 21.3%, the highest reported PCEs for IPSCs employing poly[N,N ''-bis(4-butylphenyl)-N,N ''-bis(phenyl)benzidine] as the hole transport layer, alongside the enhanced operational and shelf-life stability for unencapsulated devices.
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