Journal
SCIENCE
Volume 377, Issue 6612, Pages 1328-1332Publisher
AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1126/science.abm7759
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Funding
- Max Planck Society
- Medical Research Council
- European Union
- National Institute for Health Research
- Clinical Research Facility and Biomedical Research Centre based at Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust
- King's College London
- Agence Nationale de la Recherche [ANR-15CE02-0003]
- NIH [R35-GM128716]
- Wellcome Trust
- Chronic Disease Research Foundation
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The gut microbiomes of human populations worldwide have common core microbial species. However, within a species, certain strains show population specificity. This study suggests that humans and their gut microbes have experienced parallel evolutionary history, and specific microbial strains may play a crucial role in microbiome-mediated disease phenotypes.
The gut microbiomes of human populations worldwide have many core microbial species in common. However, within a species, some strains can show remarkable population specificity. The question is whether such specificity arises from a shared evolutionary history (codiversification) between humans and their microbes. To test for codiversification of host and microbiota, we analyzed paired gut metagenomes and human genomes for 1225 individuals in Europe, Asia, and Africa, including mothers and their children. Between and within countries, a parallel evolutionary history was evident for humans and their gut microbes. Moreover, species displaying the strongest codiversification independently evolved traits characteristic of host dependency, including reduced genomes and oxygen and temperature sensitivity. These findings all point to the importance of understanding the potential role of population-specific microbial strains in microbiome-mediated disease phenotypes.
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