Journal
JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS
Volume 313, Issue -, Pages 100-109Publisher
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.06.083
Keywords
Cigarette smoking; Depression; Anxiety; Sleep disturbance; Epidemiology
Categories
Funding
- government of Rhineland-Palatinate (Stiftung Rheinland-Pfalz fuer Innovation) [AZ 961-386261/733]
- research programs Wissen schafft Zukunft and Center for Translational Vascular Biology (CTVB) of the Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz
- Boehringer Ingelheim
- PHILIPS Medical Systems
- Foundation Heart of Mainz
Ask authors/readers for more resources
This study reveals the relationship between cigarette smoking and mental health conditions, showing a positive association between smoking and symptoms of depression, and a negative association between smoking cessation and symptoms of depression.
Background: Smoking is a well-established risk factor for chronic non-communicable diseases. However, the relationship between cigarette smoking and the risk of developing mental health conditions remains largely elusive. This study examined the relationship between cigarette smoking as well as smoking cessation and prevalent and incident symptoms of depression, anxiety, and sleep disturbance in the general population.Methods: In a cohort of 15,010 individuals from the Gutenberg Health Study (aged 35-74 years at enrollment), prevalent (at baseline from 2007 to 2012) and incident symptoms (at follow-up from 2012 to 2017) of depression, anxiety, and sleep disturbance were determined by validated questionnaires and/or medical records. Smoking status, pack-years of smoking in current and former smokers, and years since quitting smoking in former smokers were assessed by a standardized computer-assisted interview.Results: In multivariable logistic regression models with comprehensive adjustment for covariates, smoking status was independently associated with prevalent and incident symptoms of depression (Patient Health Question-naire-9 >= 10), whereas this association was weaker for anxiety (Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale-2 >= 3) and sleep disturbance (Patient Health Questionnaire-9 > 1). Among current and former smokers, smoking >= 30 or >= 10 pack-years, respectively, yielded in general the highest effect estimates. Smoking cessation was weakly associated with the prevalence and incidence of all outcomes, here consistent associations were observed for prevalent symptoms of depression.Limitations: The observational nature of the study does not allow for causal inferences.Conclusions: The results of the present study suggest that cigarette smoking is positively and that smoking cessation is negatively associated with symptoms of common mental health conditions, in particular of depression.
Authors
I am an author on this paper
Click your name to claim this paper and add it to your profile.
Reviews
Recommended
No Data Available