Article
Infectious Diseases
Enos Moyo, Godfrey Musuka, Grant Murewanhema, Perseverance Moyo, Tafadzwa Dzinamarira
Summary: Since the first reported case of monkeypox in humans in 1970, the disease has caused several outbreaks and is endemic in central and western Africa. The current outbreak has spread to five regions worldwide, raising concerns about Africa's ability to diagnose and control the disease due to the lack of laboratory infrastructure, healthcare workers, and weak surveillance systems.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Review
Environmental Sciences
Ananda Tiwari, Sangeet Adhikari, Devrim Kaya, Md. Aminul Islam, Bikash Malla, Samendra P. Sherchan, Ahmad I. Al-Mustapha, Manish Kumar, Srijan Aggarwal, Prosun Bhattacharya, Kyle Bibby, Rolf U. Halden, Aaron Bivins, Eiji Haramoto, Sami Oikarinen, Annamari Heikinheimo, Tarja Pitkaenen
Summary: Monkeypox disease, caused by the monkeypox virus, has become a global concern. Wastewater-based surveillance can be a useful tool for early detection of the virus, but there are challenges to overcome.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
S. D. Woolley, M. Dermont, M. Adam, S. J. C. Pallet, N. Reece, N. Hoysal, G. Holden, K. K. Attridge, T. E. Fletcher, M. K. O'Shea, E. J. Hutley, E. D. Nicol, L. E. Lamb
Summary: The UK Defence Medical Services have been collaborating closely with the Defence Public Health Network (DPHN) and military infection clinicians to provide rapid advice and recommendations for managing patients with monkeypox and other high consequence infectious diseases. This interdisciplinary collaboration extends to the UK National Health Service (NHS) and the UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA), allowing for a dynamic exchange of expertise and development of guidelines. The close cooperation between civilian and military authorities in managing the current outbreak is also highlighted.
TRAVEL MEDICINE AND INFECTIOUS DISEASE
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Jan Hendrik Grothe, Oliver A. Cornely, Jon Salmanton-Garcia
Summary: European tertiary care institutions have the capacity to manage the current human monkeypox outbreak and have implemented effective protective measures to prevent nosocomial infections during the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. However, there is potential for improvement in diagnostic and treatment capacities.
JOURNAL OF INFECTION AND PUBLIC HEALTH
(2022)
Review
Allergy
Beatriz Cabanillas, Giuseppe Murdaca, Amir Guemari, Maria Jose Torres, Ahmet Kursat Azkur, Emel Aksoy, Joana Vitte, Leticia de las Vecillas, Mattia Giovannini, Ruben Fernandez-Santamaria, Riccardo Castagnoli, Andrea Orsi, Rosa Amato, Irene Giberti, Alba Catala, Dominika Ambrozej, Bianca Schaub, Gerdien A. A. Tramper-Stranders, Natalija Novak, Kari C. C. Nadeau, Ioana Agache, Mubeccel Akdis, Cezmi A. A. Akdis
Summary: The current monkeypox disease outbreak is a new and significant threat to society, with over 55,000 confirmed cases in 103 countries. It is the largest and most serious outbreak since the initial diagnosis in 1970. While monkeypox is usually self-limiting, severe clinical manifestations and complications have been observed, particularly in vulnerable populations. The extensive spread of the current outbreak raises important questions that require investigation to better understand and prevent such threats in the future. A review addressing 50 questions about monkeypox virus and the current outbreak aims to provide up-to-date scientific information and explore the potential causes and consequences of this public health emergency.
Article
Microbiology
Asad Mustafa Karim, Jeong Eun Kwon, Mujahid Aizaz Karim, Haseeb Iftikhar, Muhammad Yasir, Irfan Ullah, Se Chan Kang
Summary: Monkeypox (MPX) was first reported in humans in 1970 and outbreaks were mainly restricted to western and central Africa. However, a recent case in the UK suggests a potential spread of MPX beyond endemic regions. MPX is less transmissible than SARS-CoV-2 and can be transmitted through close personal contact or contact with infectious rash or body fluids. Currently, there are no specific antiviral drugs for MPX, but a drug approved for smallpox treatment can be used. Vaccines are available for prevention. Contact tracing and rapid data systems are lacking in MPX outbreaks, and there is a need to increase testing capacity. The demand for vaccines for global MPX outbreak exceeds availability.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Janet Z. Yang
Summary: Based on a national survey of 1,000 respondents, this study reveals that the American public perceives the monkeypox outbreak as a more feared risk compared to the monkeypox vaccine, while they also perceive the vaccine as a more uncertain risk. These perceptions impact the overall risk judgment, support for public health measures, and likelihood of getting vaccinated. The findings contribute to the understanding of risk perception, highlighting the importance of considering dread and unknown dimensions in risk assessment and guiding risk communication practice by emphasizing the effectiveness and importance of the vaccine.
Review
Ophthalmology
Aaron R. Kaufman, James Chodosh, Roberto Pineda
Summary: The ongoing global monkeypox virus outbreak in 2022 has affected nonendemic countries like the US. This review provides clinically relevant information about monkeypox, its ophthalmic manifestations, and the 2022 outbreak, serving as a primer for ophthalmologists.
JAMA OPHTHALMOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Immunology
Shriyansh Srivastava, Sachin Kumar, Shagun Jain, Aroop Mohanty, Neeraj Thapa, Prabhat Poudel, Krishna Bhusal, Zahraa Haleem Al-qaim, Joshuan J. J. Barboza, Bijaya Kumar Padhi, Ranjit Sah
Summary: Monkeypox is a contagious disease caused by a virus, which has caused outbreaks in some countries in Africa. In 2022, it was declared a global public health emergency by the World Health Organization due to its unprecedented spread. Vaccines are available for prevention and treatment, but their efficacy is uncertain, and the development of safer and more specific vaccines is needed.
Article
Dermatology
Matthew Valentino, Katya Muscat, Alexandra Gauci, Donia Gamoudi, Valeska Padovese
Summary: This study analyzed the clinical characteristics, diagnostic challenges, and unique demographics of monkeypox patients diagnosed in Malta from May to September 2022. The results showed that the majority of patients were male, between the ages of 30 and 39, and mostly gay or bisexual men of non-Maltese nationality. Common clinical presentations included skin rash, lymphadenopathy, anogenital lesions, and fever. Coinfection with other sexually transmitted infections was also observed in some patients.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jianglin Zhou, Xuejun Wang, Zhe Zhou, Shengqi Wang
Summary: The exceptional outbreak of monkeypox in 100 non-endemic countries since 2022 poses a major public health concern. Analysis of codon usage patterns in the 2022 outbreak strains of monkeypox virus revealed unique evolutionary features, with codon usage bias predominantly determined by mutation pressure. The virus also showed adaptation to various primate hosts, including humans, indicating the importance of sustained monitoring.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Eva Orviz, Anabel Negredo, Oskar Ayerdi, Ana Vazquez, Ana Munoz-Gomez, Sara Monzon, Petunia Clavo, Angel Zaballos, Mar Vera, Patricia Sanchez, Noemi Cabello, Pilar Jimenez, Jorge A. Perez-Garcia, Sarai Varona, Jorge del Romero, Isabel Cuesta, Alberto Delgado-Iribarren, Montse Torres, Inigo Sagastagoitia, Gustavo Palacios, Vicente Estrada, Maria Paz Sanchez-Seco
Summary: This observational study focused on monkeypox cases in Madrid, Spain, and investigated the clinical and virological aspects of the disease. The findings revealed that the virus circulating in Spain belongs to the western African clade, mainly affecting cisgender men who have sex with men (MSM). The first symptom of the disease was skin lesions, and the disease followed a self-limited course.
JOURNAL OF INFECTION
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Muhammad Suhaib Qudus, Xianghua Cui, Mingfu Tian, Uzair Afaq, Muhammad Sajid, Sonia Qureshi, Siyu Liu, June Ma, Guolei Wang, Muhammad Faraz, Haleema Sadia, Kailang Wu, Chengliang Zhu
Summary: Monkeypox emerged as a new global health threat in early 2022, with nearly 80,000 confirmed cases and 53 fatalities reported worldwide. The virus can be transmitted from person to person through direct contact with lesions during sexual activity. The reservoir host and mode of transmission are still unknown. The article's importance is rated 5 out of 10.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Nursing
Jeffrey Kwong, Katherine C. McNabb, Joachim G. Voss, Alanna Bergman, Kara McGee, Jason Farley
Summary: Monkeypox is a zoonotic infection that causes dermatologic lesions and has become a public health emergency in 2022. It has disproportionately affected men who have sex with men, but with lower mortality. Early recognition and management are crucial in controlling its spread. The distribution and availability of vaccines and antivirals pose challenges.
JANAC-JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION OF NURSES IN AIDS CARE
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Narendra Kumar, Arpan Acharya, Howard E. Gendelman, Siddappa N. Byrareddy
Summary: Two cases of monkeypox virus infection in individuals returning from Nigeria to the USA have led to a dramatic increase in infection rates. As of June 10, 2022, over 1,500 cases have been reported in 43 countries, including Europe and North America. While monkeypox virus is prevalent in central and western Africa, its presence in developed countries has raised concerns about global spread.
JOURNAL OF AUTOIMMUNITY
(2022)
