Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Claudia Di Rosa, Annamaria Altomare, Elena Imperia, Chiara Spiezia, Yeganeh Manon Khazrai, Michele Pier Luca Guarino
Summary: Inflammatory bowel diseases, including Chron's disease and ulcerative colitis, are chronic immune-mediated diseases of the intestinal tract. Dietary therapy has been shown to be crucial in managing symptoms and pathology of IBD, although there is currently no specific therapeutic diet. Further research is needed to determine the appropriate amount and type of fiber intake for IBD patients.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Delia Pei Shan Lee, Alicia Xinli Gan, Xue Juan Xia, Kate Qi Xuan Toh, Gregory Chan, Sangyong Jung, Jung Eun Kim
Summary: This study evaluates the impact of consuming biscuits containing okara and biovalorized okara on gut health in Singapore adults. The results show that biovalorized okara enhances gut metabolites by modulating gut microbiome, while okara consumption improves serum short-chain fatty acids levels.
MOLECULAR NUTRITION & FOOD RESEARCH
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Adrian Martyniak, Aleksandra Medynska-Przeczek, Andrzej Wedrychowicz, Szymon Skoczen, Przemyslaw J. Tomasik
Summary: The increasing incidence of inflammatory bowel diseases necessitates new methods of therapy, with the gut microbiome being studied extensively as a key factor. The composition of intestinal microbiota can be modified by diet and probiotics, and enhanced by the use of paraprobiotics and postbiotics. This study summarizes recent works on various microbiome-altering methods in IBD.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Luis Mayorga, Gerard Serrano-Gomez, Zixuan Xie, Natalia Borruel, Chaysavanh Manichanh
Summary: The study found that geographical location, disease activity status, and other environmental factors are important contributing factors to microbiota changes in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). CD patients from different countries may have similar microbial taxonomic profiles. Therefore, these factors should be considered in future IBD research to obtain globally valid and reproducible biomarkers.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Stefania Colombini, Andrea Rota Graziosi, Pietro Parma, Marcello Iriti, Sara Vitalini, Chiara Sarnataro, Mauro Spanghero
Summary: This study investigated the effects of Achillea moschata essential oils and pure compounds on in vitro ruminal fermentation and microbiota. Overall, the essential oils and compounds did not depress rumen fermentation, except for eucalyptol in one experiment. All treatments resulted in an increase of the protozoal population in both experiments.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Yu-Heng Mao, Fenglin Song, Ang-Xin Song, Yixuan Xu, Xiaofen Qiu, Mingzhu Zhao, Zezhong Tian, Yan Yang
Summary: Antibiotics have negative effects on intestinal communities, but these effects can be counteracted by prebiotic fibers. The study compared the effects of three fibers with different fermentation rates on fecal microflora in the presence of antibiotics. The results showed that low-fermentable fiber had the best effects in enhancing gut bacterial groups and increasing the production of certain acids.
JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL FOODS
(2022)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Ting Gong, Yujing Zhou, Lei Zhang, Haizhu Wang, Min Zhang, Xiong Liu
Summary: The combination of capsaicin and dietary fibers can effectively improve obesity and metabolic diseases, reduce blood lipids, and increase beneficial gut bacteria.
FOOD SCIENCE & NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Ekaterina Novichkova, Sagar Nayak, Sammy Boussiba, Jacob Gopas, Dina Zilberg, Inna Khozin-Goldberg
Summary: The study investigates the anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory potential of the microalga Lobosphaera incisa P127 in the zebrafish model of IBD. Results show that diets containing 15% non-starved (Ns) and 7.5% and 15% nitrogen-starved (St) algal biomass effectively attenuate gut injury, while diets containing 7.5% Ns and DGLA ethyl ester have no effect on gut condition.
MOLECULAR NUTRITION & FOOD RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Fatma Koc, Ivan Sugrue, Kiera Murphy, Stefano Renzetti, Martijn Noort, R. Paul Ross, Catherine Stanton
Summary: This study investigated the effects of superheated steam (SHS) treatment on wheat and oat bran fibers in modulating gut microbiome and improving grain properties. Results showed significant changes in microbial composition and improved physiological and chemical properties in SHS-treated samples compared to non-treated samples, indicating the potential industrial application of SHS treatment.
INNOVATIVE FOOD SCIENCE & EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Konstantinos Gerasimidis, Ben Nichols, Mhairi McGowan, Vaios Svolos, Rodanthi Papadopoulou, Margarita Kokkorou, Martina Rebull, Teresita Bello Gonzalez, Richard Hansen, Richard Kay Russell, Daniel Richard Gaya
Summary: Despite microbial dysbiosis, patients with IBD have a similar capacity to ferment fiber and release SCFA as healthy controls. Fiber supplementation alone may be unlikely to restore the compositional shifts characteristic of the IBD microbiome back to a healthy state.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Thaisa Moro Cantu-Jungles, Xiaowei Zhang, Ahmad E. Kazem, Marcello Iacomini, Bruce R. Hamaker, Lucimara M. C. Cordeiro
Summary: This study found that microwave treatment can enhance the fermentability of insoluble fruit polysaccharides by the human gut microbiota, leading to increased production of short chain fatty acids and beneficial bacterial shifts.
FOOD RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jonathan Y. Xia, Chelsea Hepler, Peter Tran, Nathan J. Waldeck, Joseph Bass, Arthur Prindle
Summary: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a group of autoimmune diseases with unpredictable flares and invasive surveillance methods. Engineered probiotics have the potential to detect IBD biomarkers and provide noninvasive disease activity monitoring.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2023)
Review
Food Science & Technology
Muhammad Mazhar, Yong Zhu, Likang Qin
Summary: Foods contain dietary fibers which can be classified into soluble and insoluble forms. The nutritional composition of fast foods is considered unhealthy because it negatively affects the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). SCFAs, produced by the anaerobic intestinal microbiota (AIM) through the fermentation of dietary fiber, have beneficial effects on type 2 diabetes (T2D) by enhancing insulin sensitivity or secretion, beta-cell function, and intestinal gluconeogenesis, and promoting the release of hormones like PYY, GLP-1, and leptin. This review focuses on the effectiveness of dietary fiber in producing SCFAs in the colon by the AIM, and its health-promoting effects on T2D.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Vineet Singh, Youn-Chul Ryu, Tatsuya Unno
Summary: The study revealed that each microbiome responds differently to digested beef, suggesting that this method could provide fundamental information in understanding personal nutrient requirements and the impact of changes in the individual gut microbiota on human health. Although further studies using larger study populations are required, this study describes a simple and cost-effective protocol for evaluating the interactions between specific dietary interventions and individual gut microbiota differences.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Qingbiao Xu, Yanjun Li, Wenjuan Du, Nan Zheng, Jiaqi Wang, Shengguo Zhao
Summary: This study evaluated the effects of Biochanin A (BCA) on lactation performance, nitrogen metabolism, and health in dairy goats. The results showed that BCA treatment significantly improved milk production, milk protein and fat content, and enhanced antioxidant capacity. Additionally, BCA positively influenced nitrogen metabolism and the rumen microbiome of dairy goats.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Aaron Chung, Matthew Carroll, Patricia Almeida, Alexandra Petrova, Daniela Isaac, Diane Mould, Eytan Wine, Hien Huynh
Summary: Early infliximab clearance is strongly associated with remission in children with Crohn's disease and may serve as a predictive marker for treatment outcomes.
DIGESTIVE DISEASES AND SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Alcides C. de Morais Junior, Raquel M. Schincaglia, Ricardo B. Viana, Anissa M. Armet, Carla M. Prado, Jens Walter, Joao F. Mota
Summary: This study assessed the impact of oats or fi-glucan supplements on lipid profiles through a systematic review and meta-analysis. The results showed that both oats and fi-glucan improved lipid profiles, indicating their potential role in preventing cardiovascular diseases.
CLINICAL NUTRITION ESPEN
(2023)
Article
Biology
Fuyong Li, Xudong Li, Christopher C. Cheng, Dalimil Bujdos, Stephanie Tollenaar, David J. Simpson, Guergana Tasseva, Maria Elisa Perez-Munoz, Steven Frese, Michael G. Ganzle, Jens Walter, Jinshui Zheng
Summary: This study investigates the evolutionary relationship between different strains of Limosilactobacillus reuteri and their vertebrate hosts. It finds that there is a stable and long-term relationship between certain strains of L. reuteri and rodents and birds, while their relationship with other host species is more dynamic and transient. These findings contribute to our understanding of the role of gut microbes in hosts and have implications for microbial-based therapeutics.
Editorial Material
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jens Walter, Fergus Shanahan
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Laure Meiller, Valerie Sauvinet, Anne-Esther Breyton, Harimalala Ranaivo, Christelle Machon, Anne Mialon, Alexandra Meynier, Stephan C. Bischoff, Jens Walter, Audrey M. Neyrinck, Martine Laville, Nathalie M. Delzenne, Sophie Vinoy, Julie-Anne Nazare
Summary: This pilot study aimed to analyze the kinetics of C-13-labeled gut-derived metabolites from C-13-labeled wheat bran in breath, plasma, and stools. The study found differential fermentation profiles among subjects and identified distinct excretion patterns of gases in high-CH4 producers compared to low-CH4 producers. The study also revealed different kinetics of C-13-labelled short-chain fatty acids in plasma.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Reihane Khorasaniha, Hana Olof, Athalia Voisin, Keith Armstrong, Eytan Wine, Thava Vasanthan, Heather Armstrong
Summary: Dietary fibers are plant-derived carbohydrates that cannot be digested in the human gut. They are traditionally classified as soluble dietary fiber (SDF) and insoluble dietary fiber (IDF) based on their solubility in water. Dietary fibers have significant impacts on various diseases, but the functionality of different fiber subtypes has been largely overlooked in clinical research.
FOOD HYDROCOLLOIDS
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Mohamed Salla, Jimmy Guo, Harshad Joshi, Marilyn Gordon, Hitesh Dooky, Justine Lai, Samantha Capicio, Heather Armstrong, Rosica Valcheva, Jason R. B. Dyck, Aducio Thiesen, Eytan Wine, Levinus A. Dieleman, Shairaz Baksh
Summary: Persistent inflammation can lead to changes in gene expression, metabolism, and cell proliferation. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and colorectal cancer (CRC) share similar signaling pathways and biomarkers. This study identifies specific biomarkers, including RASSF1A, RIPK2, AMPK alpha 1, and YAP kinase, that are associated with IBD and CRC. The expression and activation of these biomarkers can be analyzed non-invasively in blood and biopsy samples. Understanding and targeting the altered proliferative and metabolic states in the colon could lead to more effective therapies and remission for IBD and CRC patients.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Pediatrics
Alice Foster, Justin M. Chan, Eytan Wine, Wael El-Matary, Matthew W. Carroll, Karen I. Kroeker, Jennifer C. Debruyn, Cynthia H. Seow, Sally Lawrence, Kathy Evans, Cheryl Kluthe, Nastaran Sharifi, Christina Pears, Simone Nicol, Lily Olayinka, Nancy Fu, Hien Q. Huynh, Brian Bressler, Charles N. Bernstein, Kevan Jacobson
Summary: This study examined the readiness of adolescents and young adults with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) to transition to adult care. The results showed that a large proportion of AYAs lacked the knowledge and skills necessary for transition to adult care. Therefore, assessment tools for transition readiness are essential to identify deficits in knowledge and behavior skills that can be addressed by the youth, caregivers, and multidisciplinary team.
JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS
(2023)
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Paolo Lionetti, Eytan Wine, Rinat Ran Ressler, Gerard J. Minor, Giles Major, Boutaina Zemrani, Frederic Gottrand, Claudio Romano
Summary: Children who require enteral nutrition often experience gastrointestinal symptoms. Fiber-containing enteral formulas can improve bowel function, promote healthy gut microbiota growth, and improve immune homeostasis. However, there is a lack of guidance in clinical practice.
EXPERT REVIEW OF GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Heather Armstrong, Mandana Rahbari, Heekuk Park, David Sharon, Aducio Thiesen, Naomi Hotte, Ning Sun, Hussain Syed, Hiatem Abofayed, Weiwei Wang, Karen Madsen, Eytan Wine, Andrew Mason
Summary: Genetically manipulated mice lacking IL-10 have increased MMTV expression, which may contribute to the development of colitis. Antiviral therapy targeting MMTV reduces colonic MMTV RNA and improves colitis symptoms in these mice.
Article
Microbiology
Hatem Kittana, Joao C. Gomes-Neto, Kari Heck, Anthony F. Juritsch, Jason Sughroue, Yibo Xian, Sara Mantz, Rafael Segura R. Munoz, Liz A. Cody, Robert J. Schmaltz, Christopher L. Anderson, Rodney A. Moxley, Jesse M. Hostetter, Samodha C. Fernando, Jennifer Clarke, Stephen D. Kachman, Clayton E. Cressler, Andrew K. Benson, Jens Walter, Amanda E. Ramer-Tait
Summary: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is associated with an altered gut microbiota composition, including expansion of Proteobacteria. Adherent-invasive Escherichia coli (AIEC) strains are enriched in some IBD patients, and AIEC strains show enhanced pathogenicity compared to non-AIEC strains. AIEC strains cause more severe intestinal inflammation and intracellular survival/replication phenotypes positively correlate with disease. This knowledge can be therapeutically exploited to alleviate intestinal inflammation.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Sarah A. Potgens, Sophie Lecop, Violaine Havelange, Fuyong Li, Audrey M. Neyrinck, Nathalie Neveux, Johan Maertens, Jens Walter, Helene Schoemans, Nathalie M. Delzenne, Laure B. Bindels
Summary: In this study, the researchers investigated the changes in gut microbiota induced by intensive therapy in acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) patients. They found that the therapy temporarily impaired the gut barrier function and led to long-lasting alterations in the composition and metabolic activity of the gut microbiota, which were associated with weight loss.
CLINICAL NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Jasbir Dhaliwal, Dominique Tertigas, Nicholas Carman, Sally Lawrence, Jennifer C. Debruyn, Eytan Wine, Peter C. Church, Hien Q. Huynh, Mohsin Rashid, Wael El-Matary, Colette Deslandres, Jeffrey Critch, Amanda Ricciuto, Matthew W. Carroll, Eric Benchimol, Aleixo Muise, Kevan Jacobson, Anthony R. Otley, Bruce Vallance, David R. Mack, Thomas D. Walters, Michael G. Surette, Anne M. Griffiths
Summary: This study assessed contemporary outcomes in children with acute severe ulcerative colitis (ASUC) and found that the majority of children require escalation to biologic therapy. Predictors of the need for advanced therapy were identified.
JOURNAL OF CROHNS & COLITIS
(2023)