Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Mira Abou Rjeily, Cedric Gennequin, Herve Pron, Edmond Abi-Aad, Jaona Harifidy Randrianalisoa
Summary: Rapid population growth and economic development are driving the demand for energy, emphasizing the need for environmentally friendly energy sources. Pyrolysis converts biomass into valuable compounds, but further upgrading is necessary. Catalytic reforming efficiently removes tar and converts biogas into syngas.
ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Zhe Xiong, Zhou Fang, Long Jiang, Hengda Han, Limo He, Kai Xu, Jun Xu, Sheng Su, Song Hu, Yi Wang, Jun Xiang
Summary: This study investigated the effects of initial bio-oil production conditions on the steam reforming of bio-oil. The results showed that the biomass particle size had a significant impact on the tar yield, while the bio-oil production temperature and oligomer content also influenced the tar yield to some extent. In addition, the biomass particle size affected the gas yields from steam reforming, while the content of organics in bio-oil played a significant role in determining the gas yields.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Anjani R. K. Gollakota, Chi-Min Shu, Prakash Kumar Sarangi, Krushna Prasad Shadangi, Sudip Rakshit, John F. Kennedy, Vijai Kumar Gupta, Minaxi Sharma
Summary: The quest for renewable and sustainable alternatives, especially biomass/bio waste, has been prompted by rising environmental concerns and the depletion of natural fossil fuels. Converting biomass residues into liquid fuels using thermochemical means seems promising, but the poor quality of bio-oil produced through pyrolysis poses challenges. Hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) offers a cutting-edge method for upgrading bio-oil into sustainable fuels that can compete with traditional fossil fuels. However, producing high-performance catalysts and understanding the physico-chemical aspects of bio-oil remain difficult. Research on upgrading pyrolysis bio-oil to gasoline is crucial for biorefineries, and this review provides detailed information on HDO mechanisms, biofuels, model compounds, and catalyst suitability for biofuels obtained from various feedstock.
RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Maria Cortazar, Jon Alvarez, Gartzen Lopez, Maider Amutio, Maite Artetxe, Javier Bilbao, Martin Olazar
Summary: The combination of delocalized units for biomass pyrolysis and centralized units for bio-oil gasification is an economically attractive option for full-scale syngas production. The study focuses on validating a bio-oil feeding device and assessing the effect of gasification temperature on gas properties and conversion efficiency. The results show that increasing temperature promotes tar reduction, carbon conversion efficiency, and gas yield.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Shasha Liu, Gang Wu, Yi Gao, Bin Li, Yu Feng, Jianbin Zhou, Xun Hu, Yong Huang, Shu Zhang, Hong Zhang
Summary: The study showed that catalytic reaction with activated char could increase the relative content of phenolic substances in bio-oil and create more active sites. At higher temperatures, the content of aromatic hydrocarbons in bio-oil increased while oxygen-containing compounds (such as ketones, acids, aldehydes) decreased.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Hanmin Yang, Yuxiao Cui, Tong Han, Linda Sandstrom, Par Jonsson, Weihong Yang
Summary: A novel pyrolysis followed by in-line cascaded catalytic reforming process was developed to produce high-purity syngas from woody biomass without additional steam. This process utilizes biochar and NiAl2O4 catalysts to promote cracking of large oxygenates and reforming of small molecules, resulting in high syngas yield and gas energy conversion efficiency. The sequential promotion in separated catalyst layers maximizes syngas production and improves the activity and stability of the Ni-based catalyst.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Hanmin Yang, Yuxiao Cui, Tong Han, Linda Sandstrom, Par Jonsson, Weihong Yang
Summary: A novel pyrolysis followed by in-line cascaded catalytic reforming process without additional steam was developed to produce high-purity syngas from woody biomass. The key to the proposed process is the construction of a cascaded biochar + NiAl2O4 catalytic reforming process in which biochar acts as a pre-reforming catalyst, and NiAl2O4 acts as a primary reforming catalyst. The study showed that in the cascaded catalytic reforming process, cracking of the large oxygenates and reforming of the small molecules are promoted sequentially in separated biochar + NiAlO catalyst layers, which maximizes the syngas production and improves the activity and stability of the Ni-based catalyst.
Review
Environmental Sciences
Yi Wang, Abdolhamid Akbarzadeh, Li Chong, Jinyu Du, Nadeem Tahir, Mukesh Kumar Awasthi
Summary: This review summarizes recent findings on bio-oil production through catalytic pyrolysis using lignocellulosic biomass as feedstock. It explores and summarizes lignocellulosic biomass, structural components, and fundamentals of biomass catalytic pyrolysis. The current status of bio-oil yield and quality from catalytic fast pyrolysis is reviewed, and the potential effects of pyrolysis process parameters on bio-oil production are discussed. Techno-economic analysis and future prospects of catalytic pyrolysis for bio-oil production are also presented in this review.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Liyuan Qin, Jiani Li, Shengming Zhang, Zhongyuan Liu, Shuang Li, Lina Luo
Summary: Bio-oil can be used as a substitute for fossil fuels after upgrading. Bimetal-modified HZSM-5 catalysts were prepared to address catalysis problems, and the catalytic performance of Ni-Co/HZSM-5 in upgrading the simulated bio-oil was investigated. The loaded duplex metal ratio significantly affected the acidity, catalytic activity, and selectivity of Ni-Co/HZSM-5.
Article
Polymer Science
Er-Chieh Cho, Cai-Wan Chang-Jian, Cheng-Zhang Lu, Jen-Hsien Huang, Tzu-Hsien Hsieh, Nian-Jheng Wu, Kuen-Chan Lee, Shih-Chieh Hsu, Huei Chu Weng
Summary: In this article, hierarchical porous carbon (HPC) with high surface area was prepared using rubberwood sawdust pyrolyzed with CaCO3 as a hard template. The HPC showed excellent performance in supercapacitors and hybrid lithium-ion capacitors, indicating great potential for energy storage applications.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Raza Hematkhah, Nasrollah Majidian, Ahmad Hallajisani, Mohammad Samipoorgiri
Summary: Due to the energy crisis and environmental effects caused by fossil fuels, renewable energy sources, such as bio-oil, have been utilized. In this study, the use of cobalt catalyst based on zeolite and its comparison with direct pyrolysis of Spirulina sp. microalgae were explored. The addition of catalyst resulted in higher heating value and bio-oil energy yield.
ARABIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Fengyin Zhou, Xiangyun Li, Shiyu Wang, Xin Qu, Jingjing Zhao, Dihua Wang, Zhiliang Chen, Huayi Yin
Summary: The development of recycling technologies for spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) can effectively alleviate environmental pressure and conserve metal resources. A win-win strategy for pyrolysis gas reduction by lignocellulosic biomass is proposed, ensuring gas-induced reduction by spatial isolation of biomass and lithium transition metal oxides (LiTMOX (TM = Ni, Co, Mn)). The method provides high lithium recovery efficiency and purity, and is applicable to different types of spent batteries.
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Xiaozhuang Zhuang, Ziyu Gan, Dengyu Chen, Kehui Cen, Yuping Ba, Dongxia Jia
Summary: A novel method for high yield and high calorific value syngas production has been proposed through co-pyrolysis of light bio-oil leached bamboo and heavy bio-oil. The results showed that the synergistic effect during the co-pyrolysis led to a higher gas yield and a higher content of combustible gases, resulting in high-quality syngas enriched in H-2 and CO.
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Pan Li, Xiaopeng Shi, Luyao Jiang, Xianhua Wang, Jiande Song, Shuqi Fang, Jing Bai, Chun Chang, Shusheng Pang
Summary: The study found that acid pretreatment and catalytic pyrolysis can improve the yield of aromatics in bio-oil, with the most significant effect observed at 600 degrees Celsius. Synergy effect facilitated the conversion of pyrolytic intermediates to gas and aromatics.
INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Xiaozhuang Zhuang, Ziyu Gan, Dengyu Chen, Kehui Cen, Yuping Ba, Dongxia Jia
Summary: The quality and yield of bio-oil can be improved by co-pyrolysis of heavy bio-oil and bamboo pretreated by light bio-oil leaching. Under the optimal co-pyrolysis conditions, the highest yield and heating value of bio-oil were obtained. Furthermore, the relative contents of phenols and hydrocarbons increased while that of acids decreased in the bio-oil produced by copyrolysis. Predictive models for bio-oil yield and properties were established, providing a foundation for the preparation and utilization of bio-oils.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yingna Du, Chen Huang, Wei Jiang, Qiangwei Yan, Yongfei Li, Gang Chen
Summary: In this study, anionic surfactants modified hydrotalcite was used as a flow improver for crude oil under low-temperature conditions. The modified hydrotalcite showed a significant viscosity reduction effect on crude oil. The mechanism of the modified hydrotalcite on viscosity and pour point of crude oil was explored through characterization and analysis of the modified hydrotalcite and oil samples.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Mohammad Saeid Rostami, Mohammad Mehdi Khodaei
Summary: In this study, a hybrid structure, MIL-53(Al)@MWCNT, was synthesized by combining MIL-53(Al) particles and -COOH functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT). The hybrid structure was then embedded in a polyethersulfone (PES) polymer matrix to prepare a mixed matrix membrane (MMM) for CO2/CH4 and CO2/N2 separation. The addition of MWCNTs prevented MIL-53(Al) aggregation, improved membrane mechanical properties, and enhanced gas separation efficiency.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yunlong Li, Desheng Huang, Xiaomeng Dong, Daoyong Yang
Summary: This study develops theoretical and experimental techniques to determine the phase behavior and physical properties of DME/flue gas/water/heavy oil systems. Eight constant composition expansion (CCE) tests are conducted to obtain new experimental data. A thermodynamic model is used to accurately predict saturation pressure and swelling factors, as well as the phase boundaries of N2/heavy oil systems and DME/CO2/heavy oil systems, with high accuracy.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Morteza Afkhamipour, Ebad Seifi, Arash Esmaeili, Mohammad Shamsi, Tohid N. Borhani
Summary: Non-conventional amines are being researched worldwide to overcome the limitations of traditional amines like MEA and MDEA. Adequate process and thermodynamic models are crucial for understanding the applicability and performance of these amines in CO2 absorption, but studies on process modeling for these amines are limited. This study used rate-based modeling and Deshmukh-Mather method to model CO2 absorption by DETA solution in a packed column, validated the model with experimental data, and conducted a sensitivity analysis of mass transfer correlations. The study also compared the CO2 absorption efficiency of DETA solution with an ionic solvent [bmim]-[PF6] and highlighted the importance of finding optimum operational parameters for maximum absorption efficiency.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Arastoo Abdi, Mohamad Awarke, M. Reza Malayeri, Masoud Riazi
Summary: The utilization of smart water in EOR operations has gained attention, but more research is needed to understand the complex mechanisms involved. This study investigated the interfacial tension between smart water and crude oil, considering factors such as salt, pH, asphaltene type, and aged smart water. The results revealed that the hydration of ions in smart water plays a key role in its efficacy, with acidic and basic asphaltene acting as intrinsic surfactants. The pH also influenced the interfacial tension, and the aged smart water's interaction with crude oil depended on asphaltene type, salt, and salinity.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Dongao Zhu, Kun Zhu, Lixian Xu, Haiyan Huang, Jing He, Wenshuai Zhu, Huaming Li, Wei Jiang
Summary: In this study, cobalt-based metal-organic frameworks (Co-based MOFs) were used as supports and co-catalysts to confine the NHPI catalyst, solving the leaching issue. The NHPI@Co-MOF with carboxyl groups exhibited stronger acidity and facilitated the generation of active oxygen radicals O2•, resulting in enhanced catalytic activity. This research provides valuable insights into the selection of suitable organic linkers and broadens the research horizon of MOF hybrids in efficient oxidative desulfurization (ODS) applications.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Edwin G. Hoyos, Gloria Amo-Duodu, U. Gulsum Kiral, Laura Vargas-Estrada, Raquel Lebrero, Rail Munoz
Summary: This study investigated the impact of carbon-coated zero-valent nanoparticle concentration on photosynthetic biogas upgrading. The addition of nanoparticles significantly increased microalgae productivity and enhanced nitrogen and phosphorus assimilation. The presence of nanoparticles also improved the quality of biomethane produced.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yao Xiao, Asma Leghari, Linfeng Liu, Fangchao Yu, Ming Gao, Lu Ding, Yu Yang, Xueli Chen, Xiaoyu Yan, Fuchen Wang
Summary: Iron is added as a flocculant in wastewater treatment and the hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of sludge produces wastewater containing Fe. This study investigates the effect of aqueous phase (AP) recycling on hydrochar properties, iron evolution and environmental assessment during HTC of sludge. The results show that AP recycling process improves the dewatering performance of hydrochar and facilitates the recovery of Fe from the liquid phase.
Article
Energy & Fuels
He Liang, Tao Wang, Zhenmin Luo, Jianliang Yu, Weizhai Yi, Fangming Cheng, Jingyu Zhao, Xingqing Yan, Jun Deng, Jihao Shi
Summary: This study investigated the influence of inhibitors (carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and heptafluoropropane) on the lower flammability limit of hydrogen and determined the critical inhibitory concentration needed for complete suppression. The impact of inhibitors on explosive characteristics was evaluated, and the inhibitory mechanism was analyzed with chemical kinetics. The results showed that with the increase of inhibitor quantity, the lower flammability limit of hydrogen also increased. The research findings can contribute to the safe utilization of hydrogen energy.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Zonghui Liu, Zhongze Zhang, Yali Zhou, Ziling Wang, Mingyang Du, Zhe Wen, Bing Yan, Qingxiang Ma, Na Liu, Bing Xue
Summary: In this study, high-performance solid catalysts based on phosphotungstic acid (HPW) supported on Zr-SBA-15 were synthesized and evaluated for the one-pot conversion of furfural (FUR) to γ-valerolactone (GVL). The catalysts were characterized using various techniques, and the ratio of HPW and Zr was found to significantly affect the selectivity of GVL. The HPW/Zr-SBA-15 (2-4-15) catalyst exhibited the highest GVL yield (83%) under optimized reaction conditions, and it was determined that a balance between Bronsted acid sites (BAS) and Lewis acid sites (LAS) was crucial for achieving higher catalytic performance. The reaction parameters and catalyst stability were also investigated.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Michael Stoehr, Stephan Ruoff, Bastian Rauch, Wolfgang Meier, Patrick Le Clercq
Summary: As part of the global energy transition, an experimental study was conducted to understand the effects of different fuel properties on droplet vaporization for various conventional and alternative fuels. The study utilized a flow channel to measure the evolution of droplet diameters over time and distance. The results revealed the temperature-dependent effects of physical properties, such as boiling point, liquid density, and enthalpy of vaporization, and showed the complex interactions of preferential vaporization and temperature-dependent influences of physical properties for multi-component fuels.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yuan Zhuang, Ruikang Wu, Xinyan Wang, Rui Zhai, Changyong Gao
Summary: Through experimental validation and optimization of the chemical kinetic model, it was found that methanol can accelerate the oxidation reaction of ammonia, and methanol can be rapidly oxidized at high concentration. HO2 was found to generate a significant amount of OH radicals, facilitating the oxidation of methanol and ammonia. Rating: 7.5/10.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Radwan M. EL-Zohairy, Ahmed S. Attia, A. S. Huzayyin, Ahmed I. EL-Seesy
Summary: This paper presents a lab-scale experimental study on the impact of diethyl ether (DEE) as an additive to waste cooking oil biodiesel with Jet A-1 on combustion and emission features of a swirl-stabilized premixed flame. The addition of DEE to biodiesel significantly affects the flame temperature distribution and emissions. The W20D20 blend of DEE, biodiesel, and Jet A-1 shows similar flame temperature distribution to Jet A-1 and significantly reduces UHC, CO, and NOx emissions compared to Jet A-1.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Jiang Bian, Ziyuan Zhao, Yang Liu, Ran Cheng, Xuerui Zang, Xuewen Cao
Summary: This study presents a novel method for ammonia separation using supersonic flow and develops a mathematical model to investigate the condensation phenomenon. The results demonstrate that the L-P nucleation model accurately characterizes the nucleation process of ammonia at low temperatures. Numerical simulations also show that increasing pressure and concentration can enhance ammonia condensation efficiency.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Shiyuan Pan, Xiaodan Shi, Beibei Dong, Jan Skvaril, Haoran Zhang, Yongtu Liang, Hailong Li
Summary: Integrating CO2 capture with biomass-fired combined heat and power (bio-CHP) plants is a promising method for achieving negative emissions. This study develops a reliable data-driven model based on the Transformer architecture to predict the flowrate and CO2 concentration of flue gas in real time. The model validation shows high prediction accuracy, and the potential impact of meteorological parameters on model accuracy is assessed. The results demonstrate that the Transformer model outperforms other models and using near-infrared spectral data as input features improves the prediction accuracy.