Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Allison Lankford, Laura Roland, Christopher Jackson, Jonathan Chow, Ryan Keneally, Amanda Jackson, Rundell Douglas, Jeffrey Berger, Michael Mazzeffi
Summary: This study aimed to explore whether there are racial-ethnic disparities in potentially preventable complications after Cesarean delivery in Maryland. The results showed that Hispanic and Non-Hispanic Black patients had a higher risk of experiencing these complications, indicating the need for further efforts to reduce these complications and obstetric disparities in Maryland.
BMC PREGNANCY AND CHILDBIRTH
(2022)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Ijeoma C. Okwandu, Meredith Anderson, Debbie Postlethwaite, Aida Shirazi, Sandra Torrente
Summary: This study compared cesarean delivery rates and indications by race/ethnicity among nulliparous women with term, singleton, vertex presentation deliveries. It found that all non-White race/ethnicity groups had higher odds of cesarean deliveries compared with White women. Black women had the highest odds of cesarean delivery, followed by Asian, multiple race/other, and Hispanic women.
JOURNAL OF RACIAL AND ETHNIC HEALTH DISPARITIES
(2022)
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Ayisha Buckley, Stephanie Sestito, Tonia Ogundipe, Jacqueline Roig, Henri Mitchell Rosenberg, Natalie Cohen, Kelly Wang, Guillaume Stoffels, Teresa Janevic, Chelsea DeBolt, Camila Cabrera, Elizabeth Cochrane, Jill Berkin, Angela Bianco, Luciana Vieira
Summary: A study found that the inclusion of race and ethnicity in the VBAC calculator resulted in biased predictions. The use of race and ethnicity did not contribute to the accuracy of VBAC prediction and should be omitted to prevent inherent bias and discrimination. Furthermore, significant racial and ethnic differences were observed in overall postpartum complication rates.
REPRODUCTIVE SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Christiane J. El Khoury, Sean A. P. Clouston
Summary: This study investigates the five-year survival rates of prostate cancer patients in the United States, considering their socioeconomic status and discussing the role of healthcare access and disease severity. The results indicate that living in counties with lower income and education levels is associated with higher prostate cancer mortality rates, while better education levels are associated with lower mortality. However, these associations vary depending on race and ethnicity. The study suggests the need for tailored interventions to address these disparities and guide future research in improving prostate cancer survival rates by considering area-level characteristics and demographics.
Article
Anesthesiology
Ziyu Gan, Julia M. Rosenbloom, Elizabeth De Souza, T. Anthony Anderson
Summary: A retrospective cohort study found that Asian, Black, and Hispanic children of certain age groups were more likely to receive general anesthesia during magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans compared to White children. This phenomenon may indicate disparate care for children based on their race/ethnicity.
ANESTHESIA AND ANALGESIA
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Ana R. Acuna-Villaorduna, Juan Lin, Mimi Kim, Sanjay Goel
Summary: Early-onset colorectal cancer is more common in Non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic populations, with differences in clinical/pathological features and cancer-specific survival compared to Non-Hispanic White populations.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Alexander Pomerantz, Heidi G. De Souza, Matthew Hall, Mark I. Neuman, Monika K. Goyal, Margaret E. Samuels-Kalow, Paul L. Aronson, Elizabeth R. Alpern, Harold K. Simon, Jennifer A. Hoffmann, Jordee M. Wells, Kristen H. Shanahan, Colleen K. Gutman, Alon Peltz
Summary: Government and commercial health insurers have implemented policies to reduce or deny claims for nonemergent emergency department (ED) visits using retrospective claims algorithms. There are concerns about the unequal impact on low-income Black and Hispanic pediatric patients who often have limited access to primary care services.
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Lawrence Baker, Brian Phillips, Laura J. Faherty, Jeanne S. Ringel, Ashley M. Kranz
Summary: This study investigated racial and ethnic disparities in COVID-19 vaccine uptake. The findings showed that the uptake rate of the first dose was higher among Hispanic and Asian individuals compared to White and Black individuals, while the uptake rate of the booster dose was higher among Asian and White individuals compared to Black and Hispanic individuals.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Nuha Mahmood, Emma V. Sanchez-Vaznaugh, Mika Matsuzaki, Brisa N. Sanchez
Summary: Recent studies show that racial/ethnic health disparities disappear in racially integrated communities, indicating that place, not race, plays a significant role in shaping these disparities. This study examines this theory among children and finds that school segregation is a major contributor to childhood obesity disparities.
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Katherine VanHise, Erica T. Wang, Keith Norris, Ricardo Azziz, Margareta D. Pisarska, Jessica L. Chan
Summary: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder that affects women worldwide. There are racial and ethnic differences in PCOS phenotypes and metabolic dysfunction. This review summarizes the current literature on disparities in PCOS diagnosis and outcomes in the United States. Future studies should focus on racial and ethnic-specific differences in PCOS and include a diverse population in PCOS research.
FERTILITY AND STERILITY
(2023)
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Adina R. Kern-Goldberger, Whitney Booker, Alexander Friedman, Cynthia Gyamfi-Bannerman
Summary: This study found that maternal and neonatal morbidity related to cesarean delivery were significantly higher for non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic women. Efforts to alleviate disparities should focus on cesarean section as an opportunity for improving outcomes.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PERINATOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Ayesha C. Sujan, Nerissa Nance, Charles Quesenberry, Kathryn Ridout, Mibhali Bhalala, Lyndsay A. Avalos
Summary: This study found racial and ethnic differences in perinatal depression and anxiety. Asian individuals had a lower risk of perinatal depression and anxiety but a higher risk of severe depression during pregnancy. Non-Hispanic Black individuals had a higher risk of perinatal depression and anxiety. Hispanic individuals had a lower risk of depression during pregnancy but a higher risk of postpartum depression and severe depression during and after pregnancy. Targeted prevention, intervention, and destigmatization efforts should be implemented for different racial and ethnic groups.
JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS
(2023)
Article
Surgery
Tanya Anand, Muhammad Khurrum, Mohamad Chehab, Letitia Bible, Samer Asmar, Molly Douglas, Michael Ditillo, Lynn Gries, Bellal Joseph
Summary: The study found that in frail geriatric trauma patients, White patients were more likely to face mortality and in-hospital complications, and more likely to be discharged to skilled nursing facilities. Moreover, non-Hispanics were more likely to be discharged to SNF and less likely to be discharged home, with no significant difference in in-hospital mortality between Hispanics and non-Hispanics.
WORLD JOURNAL OF SURGERY
(2021)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Hector Pifarre i Arolas, Enrique Acosta, Christian Dudel, Jo Mhairi Hale, Mikko Myrskyla
Summary: By adjusting for real-population exposures, our analysis reveals that Black and Native American mortality disparities exceed mortality from circulatory diseases. The disadvantages are 72% among Blacks (men: 47%, women: 98%) and 65% among Native Americans (men: 45%, women: 92%), larger than those based on life expectancy. In contrast, estimated advantages for Asian Americans are over three times (men: 176%, women: 283%) and, for Hispanics, two times (men: 123%, women: 190%) larger than those based on life expectancy.
Review
Surgery
Sidra N. Bonner, Chloe A. Powell, James W. Stewart, Lesly A. Dossett
Summary: This review discusses effective interventions at multiple levels to reduce racial and ethnic disparities in surgical care, emphasizing the importance of evidence-based approaches and the need for further research. Implementing these interventions and prioritizing funding for intervention-based research are crucial for achieving surgical equity.
Article
Respiratory System
Esther Herrera-Luis, Angel C. Y. Mak, Javier Perez-Garcia, Elena Martin-Gonzalez, Celeste Eng, Kenneth B. Beckman, Scott Huntsman, Donglei Hu, Ruperto Gonzalez-Perez, Jose M. Hernandez-Perez, Elena Mederos-Luis, Yang Yie Sio, Paloma Poza-Guedes, Olaia Sardon, Paula Corcuera, Inmaculada Sanchez-Machin, Javier Korta-Murua, Carlos Martinez-Rivera, Joaquim Mullol, Xavier Munoz, Antonio Valero, Joaquin Sastre, Judith Garcia-Aymerich, Sabrina Llop, Maties Torrent, Maribel Casas, Jose R. Rodriguez-Santana, Jesus Villar, Victoria del Pozo, Fabian Lorenzo-Diaz, L. Keoki Williams, Erik Melen, Fook Tim Chew, Luisa N. Borrell, Esteban G. Burchard, Maria Pino-Yanes
Summary: This study used admixture mapping analyses and fine mapping to identify genetic variants associated with severe asthma exacerbations in Hispanic/Latino subgroups. The results showed limited transferability of these variants to other populations and their potential regulation of DPYSL3 and SCGB3A2 genes.
Editorial Material
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Farzana Kapadia, Luisa N. Borrell
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH
(2023)
Editorial Material
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Farzana Kapadia, Luisa N. Borrell
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH
(2023)
Editorial Material
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Luisa N. Borrell
PREVENTIVE MEDICINE
(2023)
Review
Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine
Luisa N. N. Borrell, Julie C. C. Reynolds, Eleanor Fleming, Parth D. D. Shah
Summary: While the oral health of the U.S. population has improved, racial/ethnic disparities continue to persist, with Black Americans suffering from greater oral disease burden. Access to dental care is a key factor influenced by structural racism. This essay presents examples of racist policies that have shaped dental insurance access for Black Americans and highlights the challenges faced by public insurance programs like Medicare and Medicaid. It also proposes policy recommendations to reduce racial/ethnic disparities and improve oral health outcomes in the country.
COMMUNITY DENTISTRY AND ORAL EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Allergy
Javier Perez-Garcia, Esther Herrera-Luis, Annie Li, Angel C. Y. Mak, Scott Huntsman, Sam S. Oh, Jennifer R. Elhawary, Celeste Eng, Kenneth B. Beckman, Donglei Hu, Fabian Lorenzo-Diaz, Michael A. Lenoir, Jose Rodriguez-Santana, Noah Zaitlen, Jesus Villar, Luisa N. Borrell, Esteban G. Burchard, Maria Pino-Yanes
JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Thinh T. Vu, Joseph P. Dario, Pedro Mateu-Gelabert, Deborah Levine, Malcolm A. Punter, Luisa N. Borrell, Victoria K. Ngo
Summary: This study investigated the prevalence of alcohol misuse and binge drinking among residents of Harlem, New York City, and examined their associations with psycho-social factors during the COVID-19 pandemic. The results showed that alcohol misuse and binge drinking rates were high during COVID-19, with a significant association with depression severity and substance use history. Improving access to mental health and substance use disorder services, as well as enhancing community policing relations, could help mitigate alcohol misuse.
JOURNAL OF URBAN HEALTH-BULLETIN OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Linda Kachuri, Angel C. Y. Mak, Donglei Hu, Celeste Eng, Scott Huntsman, Jennifer R. Elhawary, Namrata Gupta, Stacey Gabriel, Shujie Xiao, Kevin L. Keys, Akinyemi Oni-Orisan, Jose R. Rodriguez-Santana, Michael A. LeNoir, Luisa N. Borrell, Noah A. Zaitlen, L. Keoki Williams, Christopher R. Gignoux, Esteban Gonzalez Burchard, Elad Ziv
Summary: This study analyzed whole-genome and RNA sequencing data from 2,733 African American, Puerto Rican, and Mexican American individuals, revealing ancestry-specific patterns in the genetic architecture of whole-blood gene expression. The heritability of gene expression significantly increased with higher proportions of African genetic ancestry and decreased with higher proportions of Indigenous American ancestry. Transcriptome-wide association analyses identified more gene-trait associations using transcriptome prediction models trained in the admixed population compared to models trained using data from the Genotype-Tissue Expression project. This study emphasizes the importance of measuring gene expression across large and ancestrally diverse populations for enabling new discoveries and reducing disparities.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Saba A. Qasmieh, McKaylee M. Robertson, Chloe A. Teasdale, Sarah G. Kulkarni, Heidi E. Jones, Margaret McNairy, Luisa N. Borrell, Denis Nash
Summary: Due to changes in testing practices, passive case-based surveillance may not be reliable for monitoring the burden of SARS-CoV-2. A cross-sectional survey of 3042 U.S. adults during the Omicron BA.4/BA.5 surge found that an estimated 17.3% had SARS-CoV-2 infection, higher than the CDC's reported cases. Age, race, income, education, and comorbidities were associated with the infection rate.
PREVENTIVE MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Christina I. Nieves, Luisa N. Borrell, Clare R. Evans, Heidi E. Jones, Mary Huynh
Summary: Exploring the intersection of social identity dimensions is crucial for understanding health inequities. This study used multilevel analysis and individual heterogeneity to examine the impact of age, race/ethnicity, education, and nativity status on infant birthweight in New York City. The results showed intersectional effects of various systems of oppression and identified U.S.-born Black women as having infants with lower-than-expected birthweights. The MAIHDA approach can help identify intersectional causes of health inequities and guide policies and interventions for addressing them.
Letter
Allergy
Jonathan Witonsky, Jennifer R. Elhawary, Lauren A. Millette, Cecile T. J. Holweg, Jinnie Ko, Pranil Raut, Luisa N. Borrell
JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY-IN PRACTICE
(2023)
Article
Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine
Roger Keller Celeste, Mariel Aquino de Goulart, Joao L. Bastos, Luisa N. Borrell
Summary: This study aims to describe trends in explanations provided for racial/ethnic inequities in dental caries and periodontitis, and explore the patterns of relatedness among explanations for these inequities. Highly cited publications were retrieved and assessed for eligibility, and explanations were classified into eight different, but interrelated domains. The findings suggest that dental researchers should consider racism as a cause for existing racial/ethnic inequities in oral health.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PERIODONTOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Clare R. Evans, Christina I. Nieves, Natasha Erickson, Luisa N. Borrell
Summary: Birthweight is a commonly used biomarker for infant health, but inequities exist in the United States based on factors such as maternal age, race/ethnicity, nativity/immigration status, and socioeconomic status. Previous studies on birthweight inequities have mainly focused on singleton births and neglected twin births. This study fills this gap by analyzing a large sample of birth records from the New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene and finding evidence of intersectional inequities in birthweight outcomes for both twin and singleton births. The study emphasizes the need for aggressive social policies to address health inequities and dismantle intersectional systems of marginalization, oppression, and socioeconomic inequality.
SOCIAL SCIENCE & MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Saba A. Qasmieh, McKaylee M. Robertson, Chloe A. Teasdale, Sarah G. Kulkarni, Heidi E. Jones, David A. Larsen, John J. Dennehy, Margaret McNairy, Luisa N. Borrell, Denis Nash
Summary: A survey conducted in New York City revealed that 22.1% of adult residents had been infected with SARS-CoV-2 in the previous two weeks. The study also found that hybrid immunity, resulting from both vaccination and prior infection, likely played a role in limiting the spread of the virus.
COMMUNICATIONS MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Demography
Adela Recio Alcaide, Cesar Perez Lopez, Miguel Angel Ortega, Luisa N. Borrell, Francisco Bolumar
Summary: The birth seasonality can be transmitted between generations and is related to family characteristics, which should be controlled for when assessing the effects of birth month on subsequent social/health outcomes.
POPULATION STUDIES-A JOURNAL OF DEMOGRAPHY
(2023)
