4.8 Article

Cationic Additive with a Rigid Solvation Shell for High-Performance Zinc Ion Batteries

Journal

ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION
Volume 61, Issue 47, Pages -

Publisher

WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
DOI: 10.1002/anie.202211589

Keywords

Additives; Aqueous Zinc Ion Batteries; Hybrid Electrolytes; Interface Between Electrolyte and Electrode; Zinc Metal Anode

Funding

  1. Samsung Research Funding Center of Samsung Electronics [SRFC-MA1602-52]

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In this study, the tip-blocking effect of a scandium additive was used to achieve stable cycling of aqueous zinc ion batteries, preventing the concentration of zinc ions at the surface tips and ensuring reliable performance of the battery.
Despite substantial progresses, in aqueous zinc ion batteries (AZIBs), developing zinc metal anodes with long-term reliable cycling capabilities is nontrivial because of dendritic growth and related parasitic reactions on the zinc surface. Here, we exploit the tip-blocking effect of a scandium (Sc3+) additive in the electrolyte to induce uniform zinc deposition. Additional to the tri-valency of Sc3+, the rigidity of its hydration shell effectively prevents zinc ions from concentrating at the surface tips, enabling highly stable cycling under challenging conditions. The shell rigidity, quantified by the rate constant of the exchange reaction (k(ex)), is established as a key descriptor for evaluating the tip-blocking effect of redox-inactive cations, explaining inconsistent results when only the valence state is considered. Moreover, the tip-blocking effect of Sc3+ is maintained in blends with organic solvents, allowing the zinc anode to cycle reliably even at -40 degrees C without corrosion.

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