Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Denise H. Rhoney, Samuel A. Metzger, Nicholas R. Neslon
Summary: This scoping review summarized the evidence on Augmented Renal Clearance (ARC) in pediatric patients, revealing a variable prevalence of ARC in this population likely due to the lack of a standard definition and age-related factors not being consistently considered in studies. ARC was shown to impact the pharmacokinetics of antibiotics commonly used in pediatric patients, potentially requiring adjustments to standard dosing regimens.
Review
Oncology
Naghmeh Mirhosseini, Athanasios Psihogios, Meagan D. McLaren, Dugald Seely
Summary: As the global incidence of multiple myeloma (MM) increases, maintaining optimal vitamin D status is important for disease prevention. A review of human-level research found that vitamin D deficiency is common among MM patients, but there is limited evidence on the association between vitamin D status and the risk of developing MM. Future studies should explore the possible associations of vitamin D with disease staging, peripheral neuropathy, and survival/prognosis in MM patients, as well as investigate the role of vitamin D receptor (VDR) polymorphisms in MM.
Review
Oncology
Nicolas H. Hart, Fiona Crawford-Williams, Megan Crichton, Jasmine Yee, Thomas J. Smith, Bogda Koczwara, Margaret I. Fitch, Gregory B. Crawford, Sandip Mukhopadhyay, Jane Mahony, Chan Cheah, James Townsend, Olivia Cook, Meera R. Agar, Raymond J. Chan
Summary: This review examined the prevalence of unmet supportive care needs in adults with advanced cancers and their caregivers. It found that financial, health system and information, psychological, and physical and daily living domains were the most prominent areas of unmet needs for patients, while psychological, patient care and support domains were the highest for caregivers. Distress, depression, and anxiety were associated with higher unmet needs in all domains.
CRITICAL REVIEWS IN ONCOLOGY HEMATOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Qile Xiao, Hainan Zhang, Xiaomei Wu, Jian Qu, Lixia Qin, Chunyu Wang
Summary: Vancomycin, a hydrophilic antibiotic, is widely used for severe infections. However, predicting vancomycin exposure in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is challenging due to changing pathophysiological processes and patient-specific factors. Studies on vancomycin's pharmacokinetics (PK) in CSF are limited, making it difficult to achieve adequate antimicrobial therapy. Accurate prediction and optimization of vancomycin pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics (PK/PD) are critical for effective treatment.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Fatma Hefny, Anna Stuart, Janice Y. Kung, Sherif Hanafy Mahmoud
Summary: This study conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of augmented renal clearance (ARC) in critically ill patients. The results showed a high prevalence of ARC in critically ill patients, especially in the neurocritical care and trauma ICU population. Young age, male sex, and trauma were identified as risk factors for ARC. This study is important for further research on optimal drug dosing in the setting of ARC.
Review
Infectious Diseases
Catarina Mendes Silva, Joao Pedro Baptista, Iolanda Santos, Paulo Martins
Summary: This systematic review searched for recommendations on antibiotic dosage adjustment for critically ill patients with augmented renal clearance (ARC). The findings suggest that increasing dosage and/or adjusting infusion modality are frequently needed to achieve the desired pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) targets.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS
(2022)
Review
Pediatrics
Wei-Xin Xu, Qiang Qu, Xin-Qi Teng, Hai-Hui Zhuang, Si-Fan Liu, Ying Wang, Jian Qu
Summary: The study highlights the impact of augmented renal clearance (ARC) on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of antimicrobial drugs in critically ill pediatric patients. It reveals a negative correlation between increased creatinine clearance and blood concentrations of antimicrobial drugs. The article provides a comprehensive review of ARC screening in pediatric patients, including its definition, risk factors, and clinical outcomes, and offers recommendations for dosage and infusion considerations and the role of therapeutic drug monitoring.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS
(2023)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
A-Xi Shi, Qiang Qu, Hai-Hui Zhuang, Xin-Qi Teng, Wei-Xin Xu, Yi-Ping Liu, Yi-Wen Xiao, Jian Qu
Summary: Augmented renal clearance (ARC) is a state of enhanced renal function commonly observed in critically ill patients. Using unadjusted standard dosing regimens of renally eliminated drugs in ARC patients often leads to poor clinical outcomes and the emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria. Individualized dosing of antibiotics and various optimization strategies are needed for ARC patients.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Bin Du, Yue Zhou, Bo-Hao Tang, Yue-E Wu, Xin-Mei Yang, Hai-Yan Shi, Bu-Fan Yao, Guo-Xiang Hao, Dian-Ping You, John van den Anker, Yi Zheng, Wei Zhao
Summary: In this study, a population pharmacokinetic model of cefathiamidine for infants with ARC was developed, with weight and age found to influence drug kinetics. Recommended dosing regimens based on PTA were provided for optimal treatment.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yidan Wang, Yifan Luo, Shu Yang, Mingyan Jiang, Yang Chu
Summary: Augmented Renal Clearance (ARC) refers to increased renal clearance of solute in critically ill patients. This study utilized transcriptomics and metabolomics analysis to investigate the pathogenesis of ARC at the transcriptional and metabolic levels. Transcriptomics analysis of 534 samples identified 834 differential genes associated with ARC, while metabolomics analysis of 102 samples revealed 45 differential metabolites related to ARC. Combined analysis showed changes in purine metabolism, arginine biosynthesis, and arachidonic acid metabolism in ARC patients. The occurrence of ARC may be attributed to alterations in renal blood perfusion and renal capillary wall permeability mediated by various genes and metabolites.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Kaitlyn E. Kowalski, Tara A. Higgins
Summary: The retrospective study compared the clearance time of high-dose methotrexate in pediatric hematology/oncology patients between FPIA and ARK assays. The ARK assay showed a positive bias leading to longer clearance times and increased risk of delayed clearance. Adjusting the clearance threshold could help mitigate this risk.
PEDIATRIC BLOOD & CANCER
(2021)
Review
Oncology
Bonnie E. Gould Rothberg, Tammie E. Quest, Sai-Ching J. Yeung, Lorraine C. Pelosof, David E. Gerber, Justin A. Seltzer, Jason J. Bischof, Charles R. Thomas, Nausheen Akhter, Mira Mamtani, Robin E. Stutman, Christopher W. Baugh, Venkataraman Anantharaman, Nicholas R. Pettit, Adam D. Klotz, Michael A. Gibbs, Demetrios N. Kyriacou
Summary: This article comprehensively reviews oncologic emergencies and urgencies encountered in acute care settings, discussing clinical pathways and patient outcomes. It covers a wide range of topics including complications associated with tumors, targeted therapeutics, and strategies for direct admission to hospice.
CA-A CANCER JOURNAL FOR CLINICIANS
(2022)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Lama H. Nazer, Aseel K. AbuSara, Yasmeen Kamal
Summary: The study found the prevalence of augmented renal clearance (ARC) in critically ill cancer patients to be 32%, with age being the only significant risk factor associated with ARC.
PHARMACOLOGY RESEARCH & PERSPECTIVES
(2021)
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Eleonora Barcali, Ernesto Iadanza, Leonardo Manetti, Piergiorgio Francia, Cosimo Nardi, Leonardo Bocchi
Summary: This study analyzed the application of augmented reality (AR) in medicine and identified the most widely used technical solutions. The findings indicated that AR has been extensively used in orthopedics, maxillofacial surgery, and oncology. The Microsoft HoloLens Optical Viewer was the most commonly used display method, while the marker-based method with a rigid registration was the predominant system for tracking and registration in AR.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2022)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Marcus Fransson, Anders Hellden, Ase Ostholm Balkhed, Dzeneta Nezirevic Dernroth, Maria Ha, Mats Haglund, Peter Milos, Hakan Hanberger, Bertil Kagedal
Summary: This case report highlights a patient with multiple brain abscesses caused by Streptococcus intermedius, ultimately recovering but requiring enucleation of the left eye. Subtherapeutic antibiotic concentrations were initially an issue, only resolved by increasing the dosage. It serves as a reminder that augmented renal clearance can impact the treatment of serious bacterial infections.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
John D. Clarke, Anika L. Dzierlenga, Nicholas R. Nelson, Hui Li, Samantha Werts, Michael J. Goedken, Nathan J. Cherrington
Article
Critical Care Medicine
Nicholas R. Nelson, Kathryn A. Morbitzer, J. Dedrick Jordan, Denise H. Rhoney
NEUROCRITICAL CARE
(2019)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
J. D. Hendrie, A. Chauhan, N. R. Nelson, L. B. Anthony
MEDICAL HYPOTHESES
(2019)
Review
Hematology
Nicholas R. Nelson, Madeline G. Tompkins, Melissa L. Thompson Bastin
TRANSFUSION AND APHERESIS SCIENCE
(2019)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Denise H. Rhoney, Samuel A. Metzger, Nicholas R. Neslon
Summary: This scoping review summarized the evidence on Augmented Renal Clearance (ARC) in pediatric patients, revealing a variable prevalence of ARC in this population likely due to the lack of a standard definition and age-related factors not being consistently considered in studies. ARC was shown to impact the pharmacokinetics of antibiotics commonly used in pediatric patients, potentially requiring adjustments to standard dosing regimens.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Nicholas R. Nelson, Lori T. Armistead, Carrie M. Blanchard, Denise H. Rhoney
Summary: Pharmacy has long struggled to establish a unified professional identity, but must confront the brutal facts of its current practice in order to advocate for and promote its development effectively. The core of the pharmacist's professional identity lies in the prevention, identification, and management of medication therapy problems and their root causes.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CLINICAL PHARMACY
(2021)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Nicholas R. Nelson, Rebecca B. Carlson, Amanda H. Corbett, Dennis M. Williams, Denise H. Rhoney
Summary: Feedback is extensively utilized in pharmacy education across undergraduate, master's, Doctor of Pharmacy, and post-graduate programs, covering various curricular objectives. However, there is a lack of in-depth evaluation regarding the quality and effectiveness of feedback, particularly beyond student perceptions.
Editorial Material
Education, Scientific Disciplines
Nicholas R. Nelson, Mandy Jones, Lee G. Wilbur, Frank Romanelli
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL EDUCATION
(2020)