Journal
ENERGY STORAGE MATERIALS
Volume 49, Issue -, Pages 77-84Publisher
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.ensm.2022.04.002
Keywords
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Funding
- Office of Vehicle Technologies of the US Department of Energy
- U.S. Department of the Armys Tank & Automotive Research Development and Engineering Command (TARDEC) through the Battery RD program [DE-EE0008442]
- US National Science Foundation (NSF) [ECCS-1542148]
- National Science Foundation through the UC Irvine Materials Research Science and Engineering Center [DMR-2011967]
- National Science Foundation Major Research Instrumentation Program [CHE-1338173]
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By introducing a stable Al2O3 surface layer via atomic layer deposition, the capacity retention and Coulombic efficiency of LNMO cathode are improved in long cycling, forming a stable interphase to protect the cathode material.
Spinel-type cathode LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 (LNMO) has intrigued the transportation industry due to its high operating voltage and total elimination of the expensive cobalt element. However, LNMO cathode with high mass loading (> 3 mAh/cm(2) in areal capacity) has suffered from excessive capacity degradation upon long cycling. Here, a robust Al2O3 surface layer is introduced to the thick LNMO electrode via atomic layer deposition (ALD). The capacity retention in full cells with the graphite anode is improved from 46.3% to 75.3% after 300 cycles with cutoff voltage up to 4.85 V, while enabling average Coulombic efficiency of 99.9% during the cycling. The post-mortem analyses reveal that the Al2O3 surface layer would convert to Al-O-F/Al-F species upon cycling, offering stable interphase to protect the cathode material. These results demonstrate the significance of surface modification enabling high voltage cathode for next-generation LIBs.
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