Article
Thermodynamics
Jason Hartwig, J. N. Chung, Samuel Darr, Hao Wang, Bo Han Huang, Jun Dong, Shreykumar Jain, Matthew Taliaferro, Michael Doherty
Summary: Future cryogenic propulsion systems require efficient methods for chilling down transfer lines and propellant tanks in space. This paper examines an efficiency parameter based on energy balance to compare chilldown methods and determine the optimal one. Experimental results show no significant degradation in chilldown efficiency in microgravity compared to terrestrial gravity.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Katsuyoshi Fukiba, Hiroki Adachi, Tetsuya Sato
Summary: By attaching a low thermal conductive layer with openings to the metal surface in pool boiling of liquid nitrogen, the heat transfer efficiency is enhanced, resulting in a three times faster temperature decrease compared to the method using a layer without openings.
INTERNATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS IN HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER
(2021)
Article
Thermodynamics
Lei Wang, Shi Shangguan, Gang Lei, Qiang Chen, Miao Qu, Hongwei Mao, Yanzhong Li
Summary: This study investigates the impact of pulse liquid flow on cryogenic chilldown behaviors by constructing a test platform. The results show that pulse flow increases chilldown time, while using micro-fin pipes can save liquid consumption and reduce chilldown time.
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Thermodynamics
Jeongmin Lee, Issam Mudawar, Mohammad M. Hasan, Henry K. Nahra, Jeffrey R. Mackey
Summary: This study investigates the near-saturated flow boiling of FC-72 in microgravity using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and validates the results against experimental data. The study reveals different flow mechanisms such as bubble nucleation, growth, and vapor blankets, while also noting the uniformity of wall temperature along the heated length.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER
(2022)
Article
Thermodynamics
Sunjae Kim, Nishad Damle, Issam Mudawar, Jason Hartwig
Summary: With the growing interest in space exploration, there is a high demand for cryogenic technologies involving two-phase flow and heat transfer. However, the unique thermal properties of cryogenic fluids introduce distinct flow boiling fluid physics and energy transport phenomena. Understanding the unique two-phase physics in cryogenic flow boiling remains a challenge, and the lack of readily available microgravity cryogenic steady-state heat transfer data hinders the assessment of gravitational effects on cryogenic flow boiling. This study aims to elucidate the gravitational effects on two-phase fluid physics and heat transfer by conducting the first-ever experimental measurement of cryogenic flow boiling performance using a steady-state heated method in a reduced gravity environment.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Jason Hartwig, Noah Rhys, Justin Clark, Mariano Mercado, Andre LeClair, Alok Majumdar
Summary: NASA is interested in developing efficient methods for transferring cryogenic propellants for future in-space vehicles, particularly the cryogenic fuel depot. This paper analyzes test data from NVF experiments on the CRYOTE-2 tank, comparing performance between different injectors and examining various factors influencing the NVF process. The study identifies the 3-spray injector as the highest performing based on heat and mass transfer efficiency.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
O. Oikonomidou, S. Evgenidis, C. Argyropoulos, X. Zabulis, P. Karamaoynas, M. Q. Raza, J. Sebilleau, F. Ronshin, M. Chinaud, A. I. Garivalis, M. Kostoglou, A. Sielaff, M. Schinnerl, P. Stephan, C. Colin, L. Tadrist, O. Kabov, P. Di Marco, T. Karapantsios
Summary: This work compares four different image processing algorithms for the analysis of image data obtained during the Multiscale Boiling Experiment of ESA. The algorithms were developed by four research teams to detect bubble edges and calculate geometric features. The efficiency of each approach varies with the nature of measurement, and the benchmark dataset is published for further testing.
ADVANCES IN COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Thermodynamics
Issam Mudawar, Steven J. Darges, V. S. Devahdhanush
Summary: This study analyzes the critical heat flux data obtained from the Flow Boiling and Condensation Experiment (FBCE) conducted in the International Space Station in August 2021. The study aims to gather high-quality flow boiling and flow condensation data in a long-duration microgravity environment and investigate the impact of gravity on two-phase flow physics. The experimental results show that critical heat flux is strongly influenced by mass velocity and inlet subcooling, but less influenced by inlet pressure.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Aerospace
Jiaqi Zhang, Ke Wang, Lanwei Chen
Summary: This study experimentally investigates the liquid oxygen chill-down process in a vertical exit-contracted pipe. The wall temperatures are recorded in detail, and the formations and propagations of two quenching fronts are studied. The impact of pressure level on the chill-down process is explored, and a dominant point on the vertical section is identified, which determines the boiling transition time. Two correlations are suggested based on experimental data to predict heat flux and heat transfer coefficient on Leidenfrost, as well as critical heat flux. These correlations provide reliable predictions.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AEROSPACE ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Industrial
Kirsten Bobzin, Wolfgang Wietheger, Martin Andreas Knoch, Hendrik Heinemann, Andreas Schacht, Arnold Gillner, Marc Hummel
Summary: A multi-layer coating system was developed for measuring the temperature of injection moulding tool surfaces, focusing on correlating the coating's electrical resistances with temperatures and investigating the reproducibility of measurements and minimal measurement area size. Conducting paths and measurement spots in the coating system were designed precisely using ultrashort pulsed laser ablation, without negatively affecting the underlying layers.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Zijian Sun, Haochun Zhang, Qi Wang, Wenbo Sun
Summary: This paper conducts an entropy generation analysis of flow boiling in a microgravity field. A new entropy generation model based on flow pattern and phase change process is developed and numerically simulated. The study reveals the importance of heat flux in entropy generation and boiling status transition.
Review
Thermodynamics
Sihui Hong, JiaXu Wang, Zhijie Gao, Chaobin Dang
Summary: With the development of space science and technology, the possibility of expanding astronaut planetary bases and using extraterrestrial resources has emerged. This paper reviews the literature on two-phase flow and heat transfer performance under microgravity, aiming to collect and organize key data and summarize the differences in two-phase boiling between normal gravity and microgravity conditions. The investigation results show a general deterioration in heat transfer under microgravity, with larger bubble size and delayed detachment periods as possible causes. The lack of correlations and mechanistic models in related theories and inconsistent experimental conclusions have compromised the establishment of space thermal management systems.
EXPERIMENTAL THERMAL AND FLUID SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
A. Sielaff, D. Mangini, O. Kabov, M. Q. Raza, A. I. Garivalis, M. Zupancic, S. Dehaeck, S. Evgenidis, C. Jacobs, D. Van Hoof, O. Oikonomidou, X. Zabulis, P. Karamaounas, A. Bender, F. Ronshin, M. Schinnerl, J. Sebilleau, C. Colin, P. Di Marco, T. Karapantsios, I. Golobic, A. Rednikov, P. Colinet, P. Stephan, L. Tadrist
Summary: This publication lays the foundation for the description of the Multiscale Boiling Experiment conducted on the International Space Station. The experiment investigates two-phase heat transfer during boiling processes by selectively igniting bubbles on a heated substrate using a short laser pulse. The study is significant for understanding the phenomena and has generated over 3000 datasets over an 11-month measurement period.
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Thermodynamics
Bin Liu, Bo Yuan, Jie Zhou, Jianfu Zhao, Paolo Di Marco, Yonghai Zhang, Jinjia Wei, Yang Yang
Summary: This study investigated the critical heat flux (CHF) of subcooled flow boiling at different gravity levels on smooth silicon surfaces. It was found that CHF increases with the increase of channel height and flow velocity, but decreases with the increase of heater length. Dimensionless analysis revealed the relationship between flow velocity, heater length, channel geometrical parameters, and the ratio of CHF in microgravity to that in normal gravity. A correlation for predicting this ratio was developed based on the dimensionless analysis, showing good agreement with experimental data within +/- 10%.
EXPERIMENTAL THERMAL AND FLUID SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Aerospace
Koichi Inoue, Haruhiko Ohta, Yuuki Toyoshima, Hitoshi Asano, Osamu Kawanami, Ryoji Imai, Koichi Suzuki, Yasuhisa Shinmoto, Satoshi Matsumoto
Summary: Two series of flow boiling experiments were conducted on the International Space Station, obtaining microgravity data on two-phase flow and heat transfer. Detailed two-phase flow behaviors were observed using a high frame rate camera. Heat loss models were developed to evaluate the fluid conditions accurately, due to different experimental conditions and thermal environments.
MICROGRAVITY SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Thermodynamics
Xiande Fang, Zhanru Zhou, Hao Wang
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2015)
Article
Thermodynamics
Hao Wang, Xiande Fang
HEAT TRANSFER ENGINEERING
(2016)
Article
Thermodynamics
S. R. Darr, J. W. Hartwig, J. Dong, H. Wang, A. K. Majumdar, A. C. LeClair, J. N. Chung
JOURNAL OF HEAT TRANSFER-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME
(2019)
Article
Thermodynamics
J. N. Chung, Jun Dong, Hao Wang, S. R. Darr, J. W. Hartwig
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER
(2019)
Article
Thermodynamics
J. N. Chung, S. R. Darr, Jun Dong, Hao Wang, J. W. Hartwig
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMAL SCIENCES
(2020)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
J. N. Chung, Jun Dong, Hao Wang, S. R. Darr, J. W. Hartwig
Summary: NASA's biggest challenge in the new millennium is extending human space exploration from low Earth orbit to high Earth orbit, Moon, Mars, and possibly asteroids. To ensure mission success, highly energy-efficient thermal-fluid management breakthrough concepts have become the focus of research and development, especially for deep space missions to Mars.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
J. N. Chung, Jun Dong, Hao Wang, S. R. Darr, J. W. Hartwig
Summary: In-space cryogenic propulsion is crucial for NASA's return to the Moon mission and future mission to Mars. This paper suggests the use of cryogenic spray for storage tank chilldown, which has been proven to be feasible and highly efficient in simulated space microgravity conditions. By combining cryogenic spray cooling, Teflon thin-film coating, and spray flow pulsing, the chilldown efficiency of the storage tank can be substantially enhanced in microgravity.
Article
Mechanics
C. F. Camarotti, J. W. Hartwig, H. Wang, J. N. Chung
Summary: This study focuses on the development and verification of a new model for screen compliance in screen channel liquid acquisition devices (LADs), which play a crucial role in future deep space travel. The results show that the deflection of the screen during LAD channel outflow has a significant impact on outflow demands and pressure difference.