Bio-inspired soft actuator with contact feedback based on photothermal effect and triboelectric nanogenerator

The development of film soft actuators with contact feedback and outstanding environmental robustness is desirable. In this work, a film-based soft actuator laminated by polyethylene glycol terephthalate (PET), carbon black ink, and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is proposed. Due to the enormous difference in thermal expansion coefficients between these materials, the actuator achieves a large bending deformation angle and a high response speed. Without the shape-memory materials, the actuator can return to its original shape under lightinduced after being subjected to mechanical stress. Meanwhile, the actuator maintains its shape after being exposed to extreme temperatures of up to 200 degrees C and immersion in a variety of solvents. Furthermore, based on the triboelectric effect, the actuator can generate remarkable real-time electrical signals when it mimics the tongue of frogs, bends deformation, and simulates mechanical grippers. This work demonstrates a simple method for building various intelligent and flexible electronic devices and provides promising applications for soft robots.

Automated summary

This study presents a film-based soft actuator with excellent environmental durability and contact feedback. The actuator is laminated by polyethylene glycol terephthalate, carbon black ink, and polydimethylsiloxane, enabling a large bending deformation angle and high response speed. It can return to its original shape under light-induced deformation and maintain its shape after exposure to extreme temperatures and immersion in solvents. Additionally, the actuator can generate real-time electrical signals when mimicking the tongue of frogs, bending deformation, and simulating mechanical grippers, showing potential applications for intelligent and flexible electronic devices and soft robots.